Solar eclipse of October 23, 1976
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Solar eclipse". A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Saturday, October 23, 1976,[1] with a magnitude of 1.0572. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 9 hours before perigee (on October 23, 1976, at 14:00 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.[2]
This total solar eclipse began at sunrise in Tanzania near the border with Burundi, with the path of totality passing just north of the large Tanzanian city of Dar es Salaam. It then crossed the Indian Ocean, passing St. Pierre Island, Providence Atoll and Farquhar Atoll of Seychelles before making landfall in southeastern Australia. The largest city that saw totality was Melbourne. After leaving the Australian mainland, the path of totality left the Earth's surface just north of the north island of New Zealand. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of East Africa, Indonesia, Australia, Antarctica, and western Oceania.
Eclipse details
Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[3]
| Event | Time (UTC) |
|---|---|
| First Penumbral External Contact | 1976 October 23 at 02:39:17.5 UTC |
| First Umbral External Contact | 1976 October 23 at 03:35:21.3 UTC |
| First Central Line | 1976 October 23 at 03:36:28.9 UTC |
| First Umbral Internal Contact | 1976 October 23 at 03:37:36.6 UTC |
| First Penumbral Internal Contact | 1976 October 23 at 04:39:57.2 UTC |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 1976 October 23 at 05:10:25.1 UTC |
| Greatest Eclipse | 1976 October 23 at 05:13:45.3 UTC |
| Greatest Duration | 1976 October 23 at 05:16:15.1 UTC |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 1976 October 23 at 05:22:43.8 UTC |
| Last Penumbral Internal Contact | 1976 October 23 at 05:47:19.5 UTC |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact | 1976 October 23 at 06:49:47.0 UTC |
| Last Central Line | 1976 October 23 at 06:50:55.2 UTC |
| Last Umbral External Contact | 1976 October 23 at 06:52:03.2 UTC |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 1976 October 23 at 07:48:08.1 UTC |
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Eclipse Magnitude | 1.05716 |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 1.11758 |
| Gamma | −0.32699 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 13h51m21.8s |
| Sun Declination | -11°26'48.5" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 16'04.7" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.8" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 13h51m00.8s |
| Moon Declination | -11°46'09.2" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 16'43.4" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 1°01'22.6" |
| ΔT | 47.3 s |
Eclipse season
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
| October 23 Ascending node (new moon) |
November 6 Descending node (full moon) |
|---|---|
| File:SE1976Oct23T.png | File:Lunar eclipse chart close-1976Nov06.png |
| Total solar eclipse Solar Saros 133 |
Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 145 |
Related eclipses
Eclipses in 1976
- An annular solar eclipse on April 29.
- A partial lunar eclipse on May 13.
- A total solar eclipse on October 23.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on November 6.
Metonic
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of January 4, 1973
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of August 10, 1980
Tzolkinex
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of September 11, 1969
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of December 4, 1983
Half-Saros
- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of October 18, 1967
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of October 28, 1985
Tritos
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of November 23, 1965
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of September 23, 1987
Solar Saros 133
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of October 12, 1958
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of November 3, 1994
Inex
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of November 12, 1947
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of October 3, 2005
Triad
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of December 22, 1889
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of August 24, 2063
Solar eclipses of 1975–1978
This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[4]
| Solar eclipse series sets from 1975 to 1978 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Descending node | Ascending node | |||||
| Saros | Map | Gamma | Saros | Map | Gamma | |
| 118 | May 11, 1975 File:SE1975May11P.png Partial |
1.0647 | 123 | November 3, 1975 File:SE1975Nov03P.png Partial |
−1.0248 | |
| 128 | April 29, 1976 File:SE1976Apr29A.png Annular |
0.3378 | 133 | October 23, 1976 File:SE1976Oct23T.png Total |
−0.327 | |
| 138 | April 18, 1977 File:SE1977Apr18A.png Annular |
−0.399 | 143 | October 12, 1977 File:SE1977Oct12T.png Total |
0.3836 | |
| 148 | April 7, 1978 File:SE1978Apr07P.png Partial |
−1.1081 | 153 | October 2, 1978 File:SE1978Oct02P.png Partial |
1.1616 | |
Saros 133
This eclipse is a part of Saros series 133, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 72 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on July 13, 1219. It contains annular eclipses from November 20, 1435 through January 13, 1526; a hybrid eclipse on January 24, 1544; and total eclipses from February 3, 1562 through June 21, 2373. The series ends at member 72 as a partial eclipse on September 5, 2499. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 25 at 1 minutes, 14 seconds on November 30, 1453, and the longest duration of totality was produced by member 61 at 6 minutes, 50 seconds on August 7, 1850. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[5]
| Series members 34–55 occur between 1801 and 2200: | ||
|---|---|---|
| 34 | 35 | 36 |
| File:SE1814Jul17T.png July 17, 1814 |
File:SE1832Jul27T.png July 27, 1832 |
File:SE1850Aug07T.png August 7, 1850 |
| 37 | 38 | 39 |
| File:SE1868Aug18T.png August 18, 1868 |
File:SE1886Aug29T.png August 29, 1886 |
File:SE1904Sep09T.png September 9, 1904 |
| 40 | 41 | 42 |
| File:SE1922Sep21T.png September 21, 1922 |
File:SE1940Oct01T.png October 1, 1940 |
File:SE1958Oct12T.png October 12, 1958 |
| 43 | 44 | 45 |
| File:SE1976Oct23T.png October 23, 1976 |
File:SE1994Nov03T.png November 3, 1994 |
File:SE2012Nov13T.png November 13, 2012 |
| 46 | 47 | 48 |
| File:SE2030Nov25T.png November 25, 2030 |
File:SE2048Dec05T.png December 5, 2048 |
File:SE2066Dec17T.png December 17, 2066 |
| 49 | 50 | 51 |
| File:SE2084Dec27T.png December 27, 2084 |
File:SE2103Jan08T.png January 8, 2103 |
File:SE2121Jan19T.png January 19, 2121 |
| 52 | 53 | 54 |
| File:SE2139Jan30T.png January 30, 2139 |
File:SE2157Feb09T.png February 9, 2157 |
File:SE2175Feb21T.png February 21, 2175 |
| 55 | ||
| File:SE2193Mar03T.png March 3, 2193 | ||
Metonic series
The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.
Tritos series
Template:Solar Tritos series 2009 July 22
Inex series
Template:Solar Inex series 2005 October 3
References
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External links
- Earth visibility chart and eclipse statistics Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC
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