Solar eclipse of January 15, 2010
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Solar eclipse". An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Friday, January 15, 2010,[1][2][3] with a magnitude of 0.919. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 1.75 days before apogee (on January 17, 2010, at 1:40 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.[4]
This was the longest annular solar eclipse of the millennium,[5] and the longest until December 23, 3043, with the length of maximum eclipse of 11 minutes, 7.8 seconds, and the longest duration of 11 minutes, 10.7 seconds.[6] This is about 4 minutes longer than total solar eclipses could ever get. (The solar eclipse of January 4, 1992, was longer, at 11 minutes, 40.9 seconds, occurring in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.)[7]
It was seen as an annular eclipse within a narrow stretch of Script error: No such module "convert". width across the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, the Maldives, South Kerala (India), South Tamil Nadu (India), Sri Lanka and parts of Bangladesh, Burma and China. The eclipse was visible as only a partial eclipse in much of Africa, Southeastern Europe, the Middle East and Asia.
Visibility of the eclipse
The eclipse started in the Central African Republic near the border with Chad, traversed DR Congo, Uganda, Kenya, passed through the northern tip of Tanzania, southwestern Somalia and three islands of Seychelles (Bird, Denis and Aride), before it entered the Indian Ocean, where it reached its greatest visibility. It then passed through Maldives. The annular eclipse at Malé, the capital city of the country, started at 12:20:17 and ended at 12:31:02 local time (UTC+5), lasting for 10 minutes and 45 seconds (645 seconds). This was also the longest duration of any eclipse with an international airport in its track.[8]
At approximately 13:20 IST, the annular solar eclipse entered India at Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum), the capital of Kerala and exited India at Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu.
The eclipse was viewable for 10 minutes in India. After Rameswaram, it entered Sri Lanka at Delft Island, exited at Jaffna in Sri Lanka, crossed the Bay of Bengal and re-entered India in Mizoram.
Thiruvananthapuram, which was the entry point of the eclipse in India, was equipped with telescopes and announced facilities for the public to view the eclipse.[9] Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, situated in Trivandrum, analysed the atmospheric-ionospheric parameters during the eclipse.[10] Many scientists camped in the city to witness and study the eclipse.[11]
At Rameswaram, the sunrise was not visible due to thick clouds, but it started getting clear at around 9Script error: No such module "String".am local time and became almost totally clear by the time the eclipse began. The sky had a thin layer of cirrus clouds till 2:30Script error: No such module "String".pm. Among the eclipse-watchers was Sky Watchers' Association of North Bengal (SWAN) from Siliguri at the foothills of West Bengal and Tamil Nadu Astronomical Association.
Dhanushkodi, which falls on the central line of the eclipse, was a good place to view the eclipse. The northernmost limit of shadow in India was Cuddalore, Neyveli, Erode, Kodaikanal, and Madurai. Other prime viewing locations in Tamil Nadu include Thoothukudi and Cape Comorin, 22 km north of the center line. The exact location of the line is between the NH end and the Dhanushkodi ruins. Dhanushkodi is about 2 km east of the central line. The degree difference is about 0.2 between the central line – with Kodandaramar Temple and Dhanushkodi ruins vice versa. Dhanushkodi is about 5 km from the Kodandaramar Temple.
After South Asia, the antumbra passed through the southern tip of Bangladesh, Myanmar and China before leaving the Earth.
Gallery
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Animation of path
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Degania A, Israel, 5:41 UTC
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Bangalore, India, 7:20 UTC
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Jaffna, Sri Lanka, 7:56 UTC
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Sanda, Hyogo, 7:59 UTC
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Bandar Pusat Jengka, Malaysia, 8:05 UTC
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Akashi, Hyogo, 8:05 UTC
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Chennai, India, 8:10 UTC
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Reflection of the eclipse from Pallipalayam, India
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Stages of annular eclipse from Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Batticaloa, Sri Lanka, 8:28 UTC
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Hanoi, Vietnam, 8:39 UTC
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Central, Hong Kong, 8:40 UTC
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Taichung, Taiwan, 9:19 UTC
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Eclipse details
Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[12]
| Event | Time (UTC) |
|---|---|
| First Penumbral External Contact | 2010 January 15 at 04:06:33.7 UTC |
| First Umbral External Contact | 2010 January 15 at 05:15:01.1 UTC |
| First Central Line | 2010 January 15 at 05:18:40.9 UTC |
| First Umbral Internal Contact | 2010 January 15 at 05:22:22.0 UTC |
| First Penumbral Internal Contact | 2010 January 15 at 06:51:13.0 UTC |
| Greatest Duration | 2010 January 15 at 06:55:35.8 UTC |
| Greatest Eclipse | 2010 January 15 at 07:07:39.2 UTC |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 2010 January 15 at 07:12:28.5 UTC |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 2010 January 15 at 07:21:27.5 UTC |
| Last Penumbral Internal Contact | 2010 January 15 at 07:23:43.9 UTC |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact | 2010 January 15 at 08:52:46.6 UTC |
| Last Central Line | 2010 January 15 at 08:56:28.9 UTC |
| Last Umbral External Contact | 2010 January 15 at 09:00:10.0 UTC |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 2010 January 15 at 10:08:41.4 UTC |
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Eclipse Magnitude | 0.91903 |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 0.84462 |
| Gamma | 0.40016 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 19h47m51.0s |
| Sun Declination | -21°07'38.7" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 16'15.5" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.9" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 19h47m25.3s |
| Moon Declination | -20°46'54.8" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 14'44.3" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 0°54'05.4" |
| ΔT | 66.0 s |
Eclipse season
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
| December 31 Descending node (full moon) |
January 15 Ascending node (new moon) |
|---|---|
| File:Lunar eclipse chart close-2009Dec31.png | File:SE2010Jan15A.png |
| Partial lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 115 |
Annular solar eclipse Solar Saros 141 |
Related eclipses
Eclipses in 2010
- An annular solar eclipse on January 15.
- A partial lunar eclipse on June 26.
- A total solar eclipse on July 11.
- A total lunar eclipse on December 21.
Metonic
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of March 29, 2006
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of November 3, 2013
Tzolkinex
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of December 4, 2002
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of February 26, 2017
Half-Saros
- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of January 9, 2001
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of January 21, 2019
Tritos
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of February 16, 1999
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of December 14, 2020
Solar Saros 141
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of January 4, 1992
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of January 26, 2028
Inex
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of February 4, 1981
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of December 26, 2038
Triad
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of March 17, 1923
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of November 15, 2096
Solar eclipses of 2008–2011
This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[13]
The partial solar eclipses on June 1, 2011 and November 25, 2011 occur in the next lunar year eclipse set.
Saros 141
This eclipse is a part of Saros series 141, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 70 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on May 19, 1613. It contains annular eclipses from August 4, 1739 through October 14, 2640. There are no hybrid or total eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 70 as a partial eclipse on June 13, 2857. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 20 at 12 minutes, 9 seconds on December 14, 1955. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[14]
| Series members 12–33 occur between 1801 and 2200: | ||
|---|---|---|
| 12 | 13 | 14 |
| File:SE1811Sep17A.png September 17, 1811 |
File:SE1829Sep28A.png September 28, 1829 |
File:SE1847Oct09A.png October 9, 1847 |
| 15 | 16 | 17 |
| File:SE1865Oct19A.png October 19, 1865 |
File:SE1883Oct30A.png October 30, 1883 |
File:SE1901Nov11A.png November 11, 1901 |
| 18 | 19 | 20 |
| File:SE1919Nov22A.png November 22, 1919 |
File:SE1937Dec02A.png December 2, 1937 |
File:SE1955Dec14A.png December 14, 1955 |
| 21 | 22 | 23 |
| File:SE1973Dec24A.png December 24, 1973 |
File:SE1992Jan04A.png January 4, 1992 |
File:SE2010Jan15A.png January 15, 2010 |
| 24 | 25 | 26 |
| File:SE2028Jan26A.png January 26, 2028 |
File:SE2046Feb05A.png February 5, 2046 |
File:SE2064Feb17A.png February 17, 2064 |
| 27 | 28 | 29 |
| File:SE2082Feb27A.png February 27, 2082 |
File:SE2100Mar10A.png March 10, 2100 |
File:SE2118Mar22A.png March 22, 2118 |
| 30 | 31 | 32 |
| File:SE2136Apr01A.png April 1, 2136 |
File:SE2154Apr12A.png April 12, 2154 |
File:SE2172Apr23A.png April 23, 2172 |
| 33 | ||
| File:SE2190May04A.png May 4, 2190 | ||
Metonic series
The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.
| 20 eclipse events between June 10, 1964 and August 21, 2036 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| June 10–11 | March 28–29 | January 14–16 | November 3 | August 21–22 |
| 117 | 119 | 121 | 123 | 125 |
| File:SE1964Jun10P.png June 10, 1964 |
File:SE1968Mar28P.png March 28, 1968 |
File:SE1972Jan16A.png January 16, 1972 |
File:SE1975Nov03P.png November 3, 1975 |
File:SE1979Aug22A.png August 22, 1979 |
| 127 | 129 | 131 | 133 | 135 |
| File:SE1983Jun11T.png June 11, 1983 |
File:SE1987Mar29H.png March 29, 1987 |
File:SE1991Jan15A.png January 15, 1991 |
File:SE1994Nov03T.png November 3, 1994 |
File:SE1998Aug22A.png August 22, 1998 |
| 137 | 139 | 141 | 143 | 145 |
| File:SE2002Jun10A.png June 10, 2002 |
File:SE2006Mar29T.png March 29, 2006 |
File:SE2010Jan15A.png January 15, 2010 |
File:SE2013Nov03H.png November 3, 2013 |
File:SE2017Aug21T.png August 21, 2017 |
| 147 | 149 | 151 | 153 | 155 |
| File:SE2021Jun10A.png June 10, 2021 |
File:SE2025Mar29P.png March 29, 2025 |
File:SE2029Jan14P.png January 14, 2029 |
File:SE2032Nov03P.png November 3, 2032 |
File:SE2036Aug21P.png August 21, 2036 |
Tritos series
Template:Solar Tritos series 2010 January 15
Inex series
Template:Solar Inex series 2010 January 15
Notes
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ NASA – Solar Eclipse Search Engine
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Annular Solar Eclipse Occurs on January 15, 2010
- ↑ NASA: Eclipses During 2010: Annular Solar Eclipse of January 15
- ↑ Facilities to view the solar eclipse in Trivandrum
- ↑ VSSC expects insights from eclipse
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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References
- NASA: Annular Solar Eclipse of 2010 January 15
- Earth visibility chart and eclipse statistics Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC
- NASA: Eclipses During 2010: Annular Solar Eclipse of January 15
- Eclipse.org.uk: Annular eclipse of the Sun: 2010 January 15 Script error: No such module "webarchive".
- www.sciencemaldives.org: January 15th 2010 Solar Eclipse, Maldives Script error: No such module "webarchive".
- Hermit.org Visibility graphics
- www.eclipser.ca: Jay Anderson 2010 January 15 Annular Solar Eclipse Script error: No such module "webarchive".
External links
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- Annular Solar Eclipse of Dali, Yunnan, China
- SpaceWeather.com: January 15, 2010 solar eclipse
- Eclipse over the Temple of Poseidon, APOD 1/18/2010, partial eclipse of Sounion, Greece
- Millennium Annular Solar Eclipse, APOD 1/22/2010, annularity of Kanyakumari, India, the same picture chosen as APOD again on 5/19/2012, Annular Solar Eclipse
- Eclipses in the Shade, APOD 1/23/2010, from Alif Alif Atoll, Maldives
- Annular Eclipse Over Myanmar, APOD 1/26/2010, annularity of Ananda Temple, Bagan, Myanmar
- 2010 Annular Eclipse January 15, 2010, from India by Jay Pasachoff
- Solar Eclipse animation of January 15, 2010
- ShadowAndSubstance.com: January 15, 2010, solar eclipse animations for geographical locations Script error: No such module "webarchive".
- Eclipse photography taken from Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, India
- Eclipse-Chasers: January 15, 2010 annular solar eclipse
- SWAN Website
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