Soko J-21 Jastreb
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The Soko J-21 Jastreb (from Template:Lang-sr-Cyrl), referred to as the J-1 Jastreb in some sources, is a Yugoslav single-seat, single-engined, light attack aircraft, designed by the Aeronautical Technical Institute (ATI) and Military Technical Institute (VTI), in Belgrade, and manufactured by SOKO in Mostar. Derived from the G-2 Galeb advanced jet trainer and light attack aircraft, it was designed in single-seat ground-attack and two-seat advanced flying/weapon training versions.
Design and development
The J-21 Jastreb was developed as a replacement for the Republic F-84 Thunderjet, which had been the most commonly used turbojet fighter-bomber aircraft of the Yugoslav Air Force until 1967. On the basis of the G-2 Galeb, the J-21 Jastreb was developed as a single-seat, ground-attack variant, flying for the first time on 19 July 1965.
Pilots sit on licence-built Folland Type 1-B ejection seats under individual canopies hinged on the starboard side in unpressurised cockpits. Instruments and controls are entirely conventional with manually operated flying controls and standard flight instruments.
Powered by a single BWB licence-built Rolls-Royce Viper Mk531, the Jastreb has a conventional aluminium alloy stressed-skin structure with few or no special features. The relatively thick aerofoil section, though limiting performance, provides room for fuel cells, and the retracted main undercarriage which retracts inwards, gives the Jastreb a wide track with excellent ground-handling characteristics. The levered undercarriage legs and relatively low-pressure tyres allow the Jastreb to operate from unprepared strips or rough-surfaced airfields.
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Operational history
The J-21 entered service with the JRV (Yugoslavian Air Force) on 31 December 1968, with very few, if any, remaining in service.
First Congo War
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A Yugoslavian pilot, Ratko Turčinović, was killed while flying an ultra-low-level pass over Gbadolite, clipping a lamp post with his wing. The wreckage of his aircraft fell directly into a column of young soldiers on a parade, killing dozens. The accident is reported as being attributed to Turčinović's alcohol dependency.[1]
Soon after the accident, the Yugoslavian staff were expelled from the DRC and the Jastrebs were abandoned along with the Galebs. MiG-21s and Mi-24s, awaiting assembly by Russian or Ukrainian technicians at Gbadolite, were also abandoned and could still be seen on the ramp at Gbadolite in 2013.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Six J-21 Jastrebs of the Republika Srpska Air Force were engaged by USAF F-16s during Operation Deny Flight for violating the NATO-enforced no-fly-zone, in what is known as the Banja Luka incident. The USAF claimed four J-21s shot down by F-16s, while the Serbs claimed five Jastrebs as lost. The discrepancy likely stems from a damaged Jastreb crashing near the airfield after the F-16s had departed.
On 15 November, during the Battle of the Dalmatian Channels, at 9:28 am, three Yugoslav Air Force J-21 Jastrebs flew low over Brač and Šolta; minutes later, two were reportedly shot down by anti-aircraft artillery. Six Yugoslav jets were sortied against targets on Brač and Šolta.
Variants
- J-21 Jastreb
- Single-seat ground-attack, reconnaissance aircraft
- J-21E Jastreb
- Export version of the J-1
- RJ-21 Jastreb
- Single-seat tactical reconnaissance aircraft
- RJ-21E Jastreb
- Export version of the RJ-1
- NJ-21
- Two-seat advanced flying trainer / weapons trainer / light ground-attack aircraft
Operators
Former operators
- operated 12 J-21 for training and for ground attack
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Aircraft on display
Serbia
- J-21/RJ-21
- The original prototype and over 31 J-21s are located at the Museum of Aviation in Belgrade.[9]
Specifications (J-21 Jastreb)
See also
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Related development
References
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- ↑ https://archive.today/20130410043748/http://airserbia.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=1561
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Template:SOKO aircraft Template:Military Technical Institute Belgrade Template:YAF aircraft