Smarties

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "about". Template:EngvarB Template:Use dmy dates Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Smarties are dragée chocolate confections marketed by Swiss company Nestlé. They were first manufactured in 1937 by British company H.I. Rowntree & Company of York.[1] Since 2007, Smarties have been produced in Hamburg, Germany.[2]

Smarties are oblate spheroids with a minor axis of about Script error: No such module "convert". and a major axis of about Script error: No such module "convert".. They come in eight colours: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet, pink and brown.[3] Blue Smarties were temporarily replaced by white ones in 2005, due to concerns about the safety of the synthetic dyes in food.[4]

Smarties are sold in many regions around the world, but are not distributed (except via parallel import) in the United States, where the trademark name is held by the Smarties Candy Company. Their product, also called Smarties, is a hard tablet candy with no filling.[5][6] Mars Inc. sells a candy in the US called M&M's, which is very similar to Smarties.

History

Confectionery company Rowntree's of York, England, have been making "Chocolate Beans" since at least 1882.[7] In 1937, they renamed the product "Smarties Chocolate Beans", soon shortening the name to just "Smarties".[8] The sweets had previously been sold loose, but as part of a broader strategy to establish a prominent brand identity and after seeing success in selling other confections in cardboard tubes, Rowntree's began selling Smarties Chocolate Beans in tubes after test marketing it in Scotland.[9] The packaging was valued for being easily repurposed into crafts and the plastic caps, each marked with a letter of the alphabet, were collectible.[10]

A 1947 agreement between Rowntree's and Mars caused Rowntree's to keep Smarties out of the US market (where they would compete with Mars' M&MS), in exchange for the right for Rowntree's to make Mars bars for the Canadian, Irish, and South African markets.[11]

File:Smarties Riesenrolle.jpg
Smarties (130g)

In February 2005, the Smarties tube was replaced with a hexagonal design. The rationale behind changing the design was, according to Nestlé, to make the brand "fresh and appealing" to youngsters;[10] the new packaging is also lighter and more compact, and the lid (which is now a hinged piece of cardboard) has a card clip which holds the lid shut when it is folded over. The new lid still features a letter like the old plastic lids, but it is in the form of a "what [letter] is a [thing]?" question, the answer for which can be read when the lid is open, next to the hole giving access to the rest of the tube.

Smarties are no longer manufactured in York; in October 2007, production was moved to Germany,[12] where a third of them were already made. Outside Europe, Nestlé's largest production facility for Smarties is in Toronto, Canada, where Nestlé has been manufacturing its products since 1918. The factory located at 72 Sterling Road in the Junction Triangle was originally built for Cowan Cocoa and Chocolate.[13]

In 1998, Nestlé obtained a trademark for a tubular Smarties package. It later sued Master Foods in Denmark, which was marketing M&M minis in a similar package. The Supreme Court of Denmark ruled that a basic geometrical shape could not be trademarked and ordered the trademark to be removed from the trademark register.[14]

In 2021, the parent company Nestlé transferred the production of Lentilky, which had been produced in Czechia since 1907, to German Hamburg, and the ingredients are also being harmonized with the Smarties product.[15]

Colours and flavours

File:Smarties old new.jpg
UK Nestlé Smarties, before (above) and immediately after (below) transition to natural colours. The blue Smartie was later reintroduced, using a natural blue dye.

Coloured Smarties were introduced in 1937. The initial colours were red, orange, yellow, green, mauve, pink, dark brown, and light brown. Until 1958, the dark-brown Smarties had dark chocolate centres and the light-brown ones were coffee-flavoured.[11] The orange Smarties sold in the UK are orange flavoured.[16][3] Otherwise, modern Smarties all have plain milk chocolate centres.[11]

In 1988 the light-brown Smarties were replaced by blue ones, introduced as part of a campaign opposing the purchase of Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery by Nestlé, along with 'I Support Blue Smarties' pin badges.

In 2006, it was announced that Nestlé was removing all artificial colourings from Smarties in the United Kingdom.[17] As a result of the change, the mauve Smarties were replaced with violet ones.[3] Nestlé was initially unable to source a natural blue dye and so replaced blue Smarties with white ones.[18] In February 2008, blue Smarties were reintroduced using natural blue dye derived from the cyanobacterium spirulina instead of the controversial brilliant blue FCF (FD&C Blue 1, E133).[19] Artificial colouring was removed from Smarties on the Canadian market in March 2009. The new range included all the colours except blue. Blue Smarties were reintroduced in May 2010.[20]

Red Smarties were previously dyed with cochineal, a derivative of the product made by extracting colour from female cochineal insects. A pigment extracted from red cabbage is now used in the United Kingdom.[21][22]

The chart below shows the colors available at different times:

<timeline> ImageSize=width:800 height:400 PlotArea=left:100 bottom:100 top:0 right:100 Alignbars=justify DateFormat=yyyy Period=from:1880 till:Template:Currentyear TimeAxis=orientation:horizontal format:yyyy

Colors= 

 id:lighttext      value:rgb(0.5, 0.5, 0.5)
 id:brown          value:rgb(0.32, 0.20, 0.18)
 id:tan     value:rgb(0.57, 0.44, 0.22)
 id:red            value:rgb(0.86, 0.08, 0.16)
 id:orange         value:rgb(0.98, 0.30, 0)
 id:yellow         value:rgb(0.95, 0.95, 0.05)
 id:green          value:rgb(0.20, 0.70, 0.34)
 id:blue           value:rgb(0.05, 0.15, 0.85)
 id:white          value:rgb(0.96, 0.82, 0.94)
 id:mauve          value:rgb(0.8, 0.6, 0.8)
 id:pink           value:rgb(1, 0.75, 0.8)

ScaleMajor=gridcolor:lighttext unit:year increment:10 start:1880

BarData= 

 bar:red     text:"Red"
 bar:yellow  text:"Yellow"
 bar:orange  text:"Orange"
 bar:green   text:"Green"
 bar:mauve   text:"Mauve/Violet"
 bar:pink    text:"Pink"
 bar:lightbrown text:"Light Brown"
 bar:brown text:"Brown"
 bar:blue    text:"Blue"
 bar:white   text:"White"

PlotData= 

 width:10 textcolor:black align:left anchor:from shift:(10,-4)
 bar:red      from:1937 till:end color:red
 bar:yellow   from:1937 till:end color:yellow
 bar:orange   from:1937 till:end color:orange
 bar:green    from:1937 till:end color:green
 bar:mauve    from:1937 till:end color:mauve
 bar:pink     from:1937 till:end color:pink
 bar:brown     from:1882 till:end color:brown
 bar:lightbrown     from:1937 till:1988 color:tan
 bar:blue     from:1988 till:2006 color:blue
 bar:white    from:2006 till:2008 color:white
 bar:blue     from:2008 till:end color:blue

</timeline>

See also

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ a b "Smarties set to lose their tube", BBC News, 18 February 2005
  11. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Ben Schott, Schott's Food & Drink Miscellany
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

Template:Sister project

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Template:Rowntree's

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