Slovene months
Slovene months have standard modern names derived from Latin names, as in most European languages. There are also archaic Slovene month names, mostly of Slavic origin, which exist in both a standardized set as well as many variations.
Standard modern names
The standard modern Slovene month names are januar, februar, marec, april, maj, junij, julij, avgust, september, oktober, november, and december. When writing dates, they appear after the day and are often represented by Arabic numerals, and sometimes with Roman numerals (e.g., 19. 5. or 19. V. '19 May'). Older variants include januvarij 'January', februvarij 'February', and marcij 'March'.[1]
Standard archaic names
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- January Script error: No such module "Lang". '(sun) shining through';[3][4] modern Slovene Script error: No such module "Lang".
- February Script error: No such module "Lang". perhaps 'dry' or 'cut' (influenced by svečnica 'Candlemas');[3][4] modern Slovene Script error: No such module "Lang".
- March Script error: No such module "Lang". '(earth) dry (enough for cultivation)';[3][4] modern Slovene Script error: No such module "Lang".
- April Script error: No such module "Lang". 'small grass';[3][4] modern Slovene Script error: No such module "Lang".
- May Script error: No such module "Lang". 'large grass';[3][4] modern Slovene Script error: No such module "Lang".
- June Script error: No such module "Lang". 'flowers' (a translation of German Rosenmonat);[3][4] modern Slovene Script error: No such module "Lang".
- July Script error: No such module "Lang". 'small sickle' (i.e., reaping);[3][4] modern Slovene Script error: No such module "Lang".
- August Script error: No such module "Lang". 'large sickle' (i.e., reaping);[3][4] modern Slovene Script error: No such module "Lang".
- September Script error: No such module "Lang". 'nodding (fruit)';[4] modern Slovene Script error: No such module "Lang".
- October Script error: No such module "Lang". 'wine flowing' (a translation of German Weinmonat);[3][4] modern Slovene Script error: No such module "Lang".
- November Script error: No such module "Lang". 'falling leaves';[3][4] modern Slovene Script error: No such module "Lang".
- December Script error: No such module "Lang". 'biting (cold)'[3] or 'clumped (earth)';[4] modern Slovene Script error: No such module "Lang".
Variant archaic month names
Multiple systems have been used in various Slovene-speaking regions, some of which were based on the names of saints (e.g., jurjevščak 'April', literally 'St. George's'), numbers (e.g., prvnik 'January', literally 'first'), or other features (e.g., vetrnik 'March', literally 'windy'). In the Prekmurje dialect of Slovene, the following system was attested: sečen 'January', süšec 'February', mali traven 'March', velki traven 'April', risalšček 'May', ivanšček 'June', jakopešček 'July', mešnjek 'August', mihalšček 'September', vsesvišček 'October', andrejšček 'November', božič 'December'.[5]
By month
- January
Additional names include brumen (< Italian bruma 'depth of winter'),[6] sečen[6] (related to suh 'dry' or from sek- 'cut'),[3] ledenec[6] and lednik[6] (< led 'ice'), mali božičnjak[6] and malobožičnjak[6] (< mali božič 'Epiphany'),[7] prozimec[6] (probably contamination of prosinec with zima 'winter'), prvnik[6] (< prvi 'first'), and zimec[6] (< zima 'winter').[7] The name prosinec, associated with millet bread and the act of asking for something, was first written in the Škofja Loka manuscript.[2]
- February
Additional names include sečan[3][6] and sečen[3][6] (both related to suh 'dry' or from sek- 'cut'),[3] and sečni mesec (< sek- 'cut').[3] The name svečan may relate to icicles or Candlemas.[8] This name originates from sičan,[9] written as svičan in the New Carniolan Almanac from 1775 and changed to its final form by Franc Metelko in his New Almanac from 1824.[8] The name was also spelled sečan, meaning "the month of cutting down of trees".[8] In 1848, a proposal was put forward in Kmetijske in rokodelske novice by the Slovene Society of Ljubljana to call this month talnik (related to ice melting), but it has not stuck. The idea was proposed by the priest and patriot Blaž Potočnik.[10] A name of February in Slovene was also vesnar, after the mythological character Vesna.[11]
- March
Additional names include brezen[6][12] and breznik[8] (both from breza 'birch'),[13] ebehtnik (< Middle High German ebennaht 'equinox'),[6] gregorščak[6] (< Gregor '(Saint) Gregory'), marcij,[6] postnik[6] (< post 'Lent'), traven[6] (< trava 'grass'), and tretnik[6] (< tretji 'third'). The name sušec was first written in the Škofja Loka manuscript.
- April
Additional names include brezen[6] (< breza 'birch')[13] and jurijevščak[6] (< Jurij '(Saint) George'). The name mali traven was first written in the Škofja Loka manuscript.[8]
- May
Additional names include cvetičnik[6] and cvetnar (both < cvet 'flower'), majnik,[3][6] mlečen[7] (< mleč 'chicory'),[7] risalščak[6] and rusalščak[6] (< risale/rusale 'Pentecost'),[7] rožni mesec (< roža 'flower'), and sviben[6] (< sviba '(flowering of) dogwood'). The name veliki traven was first written in the Škofja Loka manuscript.
- June
Additional names include bobov cvet[12] (literally, 'broad bean blossom') ivanjščak[6] and šentjanževec[6] (both referring to Saint John's Day), klasen[6] (< klas 'head of grain'), kresnik[6] (< kres 'bonfire', referring to Midsummer), prašnik[6] (literally, 'stamen'), rožencvet[7] and rožni cvet[6][12] (both 'flower blossom'), and rženi cvet[12] ('rye blossom').
- July
Additional names include jakobnik[6] and jakobščak[6] (both referring to Saint James's Day), pšeničnik[6] (< pšenica 'wheat'), and žetnik[6] (< žetev 'reaping').
- August
Additional names include kolovožnjak,[6] medmašnik,[6] mešnjak,[6] otavnik,[6][12] porcijunkula,[12] velikomašnjak,[6] and vršenj.[6]
- September
Additional names include jesenik,[6] jesenščak,[6] kozoprsk,[6] miholščak,[6] poberuh,[6][12] and šmihelščnik.[6]
- October
Additional names include kozoprsk,[6][12] listopad,[6] lukovščak,[6] moštnik,[6] obročnik,[6] repar,[6] repnik,[6] vinec,[6] and vinščak.[6][12]
- November
Additional names include andrejščak,[6] gnilolist,[6] listognoj,[6][12] martinščak,[6] vsesvečnjak,[6] and vsesvečak.[6]
- December
Additional names include kolednjak[6] and veliki božičnjak[6] (< božič 'Christmas').[7]
See also
References
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Snoj, Marko. 2003. Slovenski etimološki slovar. 2nd edition. Ljubljana: Modrijan.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Vaštíková, Zuzana. 2012. Slovinské a české pranostiky. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, Filozofická fakulta, Ústav slavistiky.
- ↑ Kalendar najsvetetjšeja srca Jezušovoga. 1925. 22: 3–8.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl Pleteršnik, Maks. 1894/95. Slovensko-nemški slovar. Ljubljana: Knezoškofijstvo.
- ↑ a b c d e f g Reindl, Donald F. 1995. Evidence for the Germanic Origins of Some Slovene Month Names. Slovene Studies 15: 169–178.
- ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Bajec, Anton et al. 2000. Slovar slovenskega knjižnega jezika. Ljubljana: DZS.
- ↑ a b Bezlaj, France (ed.). 1977–2007. Etimološki slovar slovenskega jezika. 5 volumes. Ljubljana: SAZU.
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External links
- http://projetbabel.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=7222 A comprehensive table of Slavic and Baltic month names, explanation in French.