Slope car
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A Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a small automated monorail, or a fusion between monorail, people mover, inclined elevator and rack railway. It is a brand name of Template:Ill. Since this mode of transportation is relatively unknown, it lacks widely accepted generic name, other than the simple "monorail". The system is different from normal modern monorails in many ways. It is a development from industrial monorails used in 1960s orchards. Slope cars are installed in more than 80 places in Japan and South Korea.[1]
Overview
The system is introduced generally when there are steep slopes or stairs between entrance gates and buildings. Slope cars generally function as amenities that provide accessibilities for elderly or handicapped people visiting particular places, such as parks, golf courses, or hotels. As most lines move fairly slowly, people without disabilities often find it faster to walk the same routes on foot, rather than to use slope cars. However, there are also places where slope cars climb very steep slopes which people without disabilities can not climb unless there are stairs. In Japan, slope cars are not legally considered as railways.
System
There is a type that is Script error: No such module "convert". long, having a 4 to 8 passengers capacity, and another type that is Script error: No such module "convert". long, having around 30 passengers capacity. Some slope cars are "trainsets" consisting of two cars. Most slope cars are straddle-beam monorails, but there are suspended monorail slope cars as well.[2] Normal monorails generally use rubber tyres running on a concrete beam, while slope cars use a steel beam with a rack rail on one side. As such, slope cars can climb 100% (45°) slopes at maximum speed. The system is powered by a "third rail" on the other side of the beam.
The system does not require a driver. A car starts when a user pushes a button, and it automatically stops at the selected destination.
History
In 1966, Yoneyama Industory, an agricultural machinery maker in Matsuyama, Ehime Prefecture, invented Script error: No such module "Nihongo"., a freight-only rack monorail system. It soon became widespread in mikan citrus orchards in the prefecture, and in other parts of Japan. Other makers also started to build similar systems. Later in 1990, a company called Chigusa developed a passenger rack monorail system. These rack monorails were first used to transport workers in construction sites or forests. However, from 1990s, public facilities such as parks also started to use the system. Template:Ill started to sell their "slope cars" in 1990.
Similar systems were designed for vineyards in Switzerland and Germany in the 1960s. These were also transporting workers from the start. The brand name Monorack is used here for the Garaventa Monorackbahn since 1976. The main difference is the type of rail being used - the Japanese systems use Script error: No such module "convert". and the European systems use Script error: No such module "convert". square tubing.[3] The cooperation between Nikkari in Japan and Habegger in Switzerland started in 1975, so the Monorack tractors are mostly identical.[4][3][5]
Other names
As "slope car" is the brand name of Kaho Manufacturing, similar, if not the same, concepts are called differently by different manufacturers.
- Ansaku makes Script error: No such module "Nihongo"..
- Chigusa makes Script error: No such module "Nihongo"..
- Monorail Industry makes Script error: No such module "Nihongo"..
- Senyō Kōgyō makes Script error: No such module "Nihongo"..
- EMTC of Korea makes the Mountain Type (which has two rails) and the monorail Inclined Type and Locomotive Type[6]
- Doppelmayr Garaventa makes the Monorack for agricultural use. They say they have installed 650 systems worldwide.[7]
Slope cars are similar in some ways to personal rapid transit systems in that they offer on-demand service for individuals or small numbers of passengers.
List of slope cars
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Japan
| Facility, line name | Function | Diagonal line length (m) | Diagonal line length (ft) | Speed (km/h) | Speed (mph) | Maximum gradient | Passenger capacity | Opening year | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aburagi Dam | Dam | Script error: No such module "convert". | 2.1 | 1.3 | 45° | 6 | 2002 | Soeda, Fukuoka | |
| Aburayama Golf Course | Golf course | Script error: No such module "convert". | 2.1 | 1.3 | 21° | 4 | 2004 | Fukuoka, Fukuoka | |
| Akagi Kōgen Highland Pasture Kronenberg | Zorbing | Script error: No such module "convert". | 4.8 | 3.0 | 11° | 2003 | Shibukawa, Gunma | ||
| Ashikita Kaihin Sōgō Park | Zorbing | Script error: No such module "convert". | 4.8 | 3.0 | 15° | 2003 | Ashikita, Kumamoto | ||
| Amanohashidate Viewland | Park | Script error: No such module "convert". | 3.3 | 2.0 | 25° | 40[8] | Miyazu Bay, Kyoto | ||
| Ashikita Kaihin Sōgō Park | Zorbing | Script error: No such module "convert". | 5.1 | 3.2 | 11°40′ | 2005 | Ashikita, Kumamoto | ||
| Bay Hill View Chayagadai | Diagonal elevator | Script error: No such module "convert". | 1.8 | 1.1 | 24° | 4 | 1999 | Ōita, Ōita | |
| Bukkō-ji Temple | Accessibility | Script error: No such module "convert". | 1.8 | 1.1 | 29 | 6 | 2005 | Kyōto, Kyōto | |
| Bukkoku-ji Temple | Accessibility | Script error: No such module "convert". | 2.4 | 1.5 | 15° | 4 | 2004 | Sendai, Miyagi | |
| Cactus Herb Park | Park | Script error: No such module "convert". | 4.8 | 3.0 | 19°30′ | 30 | 1995 | Nichinan, Miyazaki | |
| Funaoka Castle Park | Park | Script error: No such module "convert". | 4.8 | 3.0 | 18° | 40 | 1996 | Shibata, Miyagi | |
| Garden Sight Sakurajima, Sakurajima-gō | Diagonal elevator | Script error: No such module "convert". | 1.7 | 1.0 | 32°30′ | 8 | 2001 | Kagoshima, Kagoshima | |
| Gassan Dam | Dam | Script error: No such module "convert". | 2.7 | 1.7 | 35°32′ | 8 | 1994 | Tsuruoka, Yamagata | |
| Genkai Island | Accessibility | Script error: No such module "convert". | 2.1 | 1.3 | 33° | 2 | 1998 | Fukuoka, Fukuoka | |
| Gifu Prefectural Museum, Rakuraku-gō | Diagonal elevator | Script error: No such module "convert". | 4.8 | 3.0 | 13° | 8 | 2002 | Seki, Gifu | |
| Grandee Nasu Shirakawa Golf Club | Golf course | Script error: No such module "convert". | 2.4 | 1.5 | 17° | 6 | 2005 | Nishigō, Fukushima | |
| Hamamatsu Flower Park | Park | Script error: No such module "convert". | 3.0 | 1.9 | 25° | 16 | 2020[9] | Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka | |
| Hanatateyama Onsen | Park | Script error: No such module "convert". | 3.0 | 1.9 | 15° | 8 | 2004 | Chikuzen, Fukuoka | |
| Hanawa Ski Resort | Ski resort | Script error: No such module "convert". | 5.4 | 3.4 | 28° | 10 | 1996 | Kazuno, Akita | |
| Hayakuchi Dam | Dam | Script error: No such module "convert". | 1.5 | 0.9 | 45° | 2 | 2003 | Ōdate, Akita | |
| Hinokidai Danchi | Accessibility | Script error: No such module "convert". | 3.9 | 2.4 | 22° | 6 | 2000 | Sasebo, Nagasaki | |
| Hotel Hatsuhana | Park | Script error: No such module "convert". | 1.8 | 1.1 | 29°50′ | 6 | 2005 | Hakone, Kanagawa | |
| Iiyama Ski Jump | Ski resort | Script error: No such module "convert". | 5.4 | 3.4 | 27° | 8 | 1999 | Iiyama, Nagano | |
| Iizuka City Chikuho Community Center | Accessibility | Script error: No such module "convert". | 0.9 | 0.6 | 29° | 3 | 1997 | Iizuka, Fukuoka | |
| Ikawa X Park | Zorbing | Script error: No such module "convert". | 3.9 | 2.4 | 18° | 2004 | Miyoshi, Tokushima | ||
| Inaniwa Castle Konjakukan | Park | Script error: No such module "convert". | 4.0 | 2.5 | 33°30′ | 24 | 1993 | Yuzawa, Akita | |
| Iya Onsen | Diagonal elevator | 3.0 | 1.9 | 42° | 2004 | Miyoshi, Tokushima | |||
| Jōō-ji Temple | Accessibility | Script error: No such module "convert". | 2.1 | 1.3 | 29° | 4 | 2002 | Taku, Saga | |
| Kannondaki Park, Kajika-kun | Park | Script error: No such module "convert". | 4.8 | 3.0 | 13° | 10 | 1997 | Satsuma, Kagoshima | |
| Kayase Dam | Dam | Script error: No such module "convert". | 1.5 | 0.9 | 45° | 2 | 1999 | Isahaya, Nagasaki | |
| Kunimi Forest Park | Park | Script error: No such module "convert". | 3.6 | 2.2 | 35° | 40 | 2006 | Shisō, Hyōgo | |
| Maruoka Park | Park | Script error: No such module "convert". | 3.0 | 1.9 | 15° | 10 | 2005 | Kirishima, Kagoshima | |
| Mashiki Country Club | Golf course | Script error: No such module "convert". | 3.6 | 2.2 | 24° | 4 | 1992 | Mashiki, Kumamoto | |
| Masutani Dam | Dam | Script error: No such module "convert". | 1.5 | 0.9 | 36° | 2 | 2003 | Minamiechizen, Fukui | |
| Minami Kiyosato Flower Park | Park | Script error: No such module "convert". | 3.6 | 2.2 | 25°30′ | 20 | 2000 | Hokuto, Yamanashi | |
| Minamihata Dam | Dam | Script error: No such module "convert". | 2.1 | 1.3 | 28° | 6 | 2003 | Nakagawa, Fukuoka | |
| Minaminooka Memorial Park | Accessibility | Script error: No such module "convert". | 2.1 | 1.3 | 24°30′ | 6 | 2004 | Yokohama, Kanagawa | |
| Misawa Adonis Golf Club | Golf course | Script error: No such module "convert". | 3.0 | 1.9 | 33° | 4 | 1994 | Ena, Gifu | |
| Miyamoto residence | Accessibility | Script error: No such module "convert". | 1.5 | 0.9 | 28° | 2 | 1992 | Hisayama, Fukuoka | |
| Mizutori-gō | Accessibility | Script error: No such module "convert". | 0.9 | 0.6 | 29° | 2 | 2002 | Nagasaki, Nagasaki | |
| Moritate Construction | Accessibility | Script error: No such module "convert". | 0.6 | 0.4 | 45° | 2 | 1999 | Fukuoka, Fukuoka | |
| Mount Hiko, Mount Hiko Slope Car | Park | Script error: No such module "convert". | 4.8 | 3.0 | 18° | 80 | 2005 | Soeda, Fukuoka | |
| Muya Bus Stop, Sloppy | Diagonal elevator | Script error: No such module "convert". | 9.6 | 6.0 | 5°40′ | 20 | 2002 | Naruto, Tokushima | |
| Mount Inasa (Inasa-yama), Nagasaki Inasa Mountain Slope Car[ja] | Park, Lookout, Observation Deck | Script error: No such module "convert". | 4.8 | 3.0 | 21° | 40 | 2020[10] | Nagasaki, Nagasaki Prefecture | |
| Nagasaki Subtropical Botanical Garden | Park | Script error: No such module "convert". | 3.0 | 1.9 | 10° | 20 | 1996 | Nagasaki, Nagasaki | |
| Nakadake Dam | Dam | Script error: No such module "convert". | 1.8 | 1.1 | 35° | 2 | 2006 | Soo, Kagoshima | |
| Nanakura Dam | Dam | Script error: No such module "convert". | 2.1 | 1.3 | 45° | 4 | 1993 | Ōmachi, Nagano | |
| Nanreku Shōken-yama Park | Park | Script error: No such module "convert". | 6.0 | 3.7 | 11°30′ | 12 | 1990 | Ainan, Ehime | |
| Ogasayama Sports Park Ecopa | Park | Fukuroi, Shizuoka | |||||||
| Okuhagi Honjin Garden | Park | Script error: No such module "convert". | 4.2 | 2.6 | 25° | 24 | 1990 | Hagi, Yamaguchi | |
| Okutadami Dam | Dam | Script error: No such module "convert". | 4.8 | 3.0 | 21° | 40 | 1997 | Uonuma, Niigata | |
| Otaki Dam | Dam | Script error: No such module "convert". | 2.7 | 1.7 | 50° | 6 | 1997 | Kawakami, Nara | |
| Passage Kinkai Island Golf Club | Golf course | Script error: No such module "convert". | 3.0 | 1.9 | 22° | 5 | 1997 | Nagasaki, Nagasaki | |
| Rusutsu Resort | Ski resort | Script error: No such module "convert". | 10.8 | 6.7 | 9°30′ | 36 | 1998 | Rusutsu, Hokkaidō | |
| Saga Sōgō Ground | Accessibility | Script error: No such module "convert". | 0.9 | 0.6 | 35° | 2 | 1999 | Saga, Saga | |
| Sakura-gō | Accessibility | Script error: No such module "convert". | 0.9 | 0.6 | 33° | 2 | 2003 | Nagasaki, Nagasaki | |
| Sanbōdai Schanze | Ski resort | Script error: No such module "convert". | 5.4 | 3.4 | 28° | 8 | 1997 | Shibetsu, Hokkaidō | |
| Sanda Onsen Kumano no Sato | Park | Script error: No such module "convert". | 3.0 | 1.9 | 14° | 8 | 2006 | Sanda, Hyōgo | |
| Sazanka Kōgen Pincnic Park, Kōgen Monorail | Park | Script error: No such module "convert". | 6.0 | 3.7 | 17° | 20 | 1995 | Isahaya, Nagasaki | |
| Sazanka Kōgen Pincnic Park, Kōgen Monorail | Park | Script error: No such module "convert". | 6.0 | 3.7 | 14° | 16 | 1993 | Isahaya, Nagasaki | |
| Shin Takasegawa Dam | Dam | Script error: No such module "convert". | 2.1 | 1.3 | 30° | 4 | 1996 | Ōmachi, Nagano | |
| Shirahama Mermaid Town | Accessibility | Script error: No such module "convert". | 2.1 | 1.3 | 24° | 4 | 2000 | Shirahama, Wakayama | |
| Shōkaien Care House Toyonosato | Accessibility | Script error: No such module "convert". | 1.8 | 1.1 | 36°9′ | 16 | 2001 | Mizumaki, Fukuoka | |
| Siesta Patio | Park | Script error: No such module "convert". | 4.8 | 3.0 | 16° | 15 | 2000 | Taku, Saga | |
| Soeda Park, Sakura | Park | Script error: No such module "convert". | 3.6 | 2.2 | 17° | 16 | 1991 | Soeda, Fukuoka | |
| Sugiyama residence, Noboru-kun | Accessibility | Script error: No such module "convert". | 1.5 | 0.9 | 28° | 2 | 1996 | Shizuoka, Shizuoka | |
| Sun Village Akane | Ski resort | Script error: No such module "convert". | 2.4 | 1.5 | 30° | 12 | 1995 | Iizuka, Fukuoka | |
| Tachibana Thermal Power Plant | Accessibility | Script error: No such module "convert". | 0.9 | 0.6 | 27° | 2 | 2000 | Anan, Tokushima | |
| Takasakiyama Natural Zoological Garden | Park | Script error: No such module "convert". | 3.6 | 2.2 | 9°30′ | 40 | 2003 | Ōita, Ōita | |
| Takasegawa Dam | Dam | Script error: No such module "convert". | 2.1 | 1.3 | 45° | 4 | 1994 | Ōmachi, Nagano | |
| Takayama Dam | Dam | Script error: No such module "convert". | 1.5 | 0.9 | 42° | 8 | 2006 | Minamiyamashiro, Kyōto | |
| Takeo Onsen Hoyōmura, Skybus Noboru-kun | Park | Script error: No such module "convert". | 4.2 | 2.6 | 23° | 16 | 1993 | Takeo, Saga | |
| Tenjin Dam | Dam | Script error: No such module "convert". | 1.5 | 0.9 | 45° | 2 | 1999 | Miyakonojō, Miyazaki | |
| Tenjin-kun | Accessibility | Script error: No such module "convert". | 0.9 | 0.6 | 29° | 2 | 2002 | Nagasaki, Nagasaki | |
| Tsunagi Onsen Shikisai | Park | Script error: No such module "convert". | 2.1 | 1.3 | 32°30′ | 6 | 1994 | Tsunagi, Kumamoto | |
| Ueda Women's Junior College Tea House | Accessibility | Script error: No such module "convert". | 2.4 | 1.5 | 22° | 2 | 2005 | Ueda, Nagano | |
| Urayama Dam | Accessibility | Script error: No such module "convert". | 2.7 | 1.7 | 45° | 2 | 1998 | Chichibu, Saitama | |
| Wakato Hospital | Diagonal elevator | Script error: No such module "convert". | 3.0 | 1.9 | 9°15′ | 4 | 1992 | Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka | |
| Watanabe residence | Accessibility | Script error: No such module "convert". | 0.9 | 0.6 | 31° | 2 | 1998 | Minoo, Ōsaka | |
| Wespa Tsubakiyama | Park | Script error: No such module "convert". | 4.8 | 3.0 | 25° | 40 | 2000. Ceased operation October 31, 2020.[11] | Fukaura, Aomori | |
| Yamano Hotel | Park | Script error: No such module "convert". | 2.4 | 1.5 | 36° | 6 | 2004 | Takayama, Gifu | |
| Yoichi Ski Jump | Ski resort | Script error: No such module "convert". | 5.4 | 3.4 | 30° | 8 | 1999 | Yoichi, Hokkaidō | |
| Zaō Ski Jump | Ski jump | Script error: No such module "convert". | 5.4 | 3.4 | 35° | 10 | 2001 | Yamagata, Yamagata |
South Korea
| Facility, line name | Function | Diagonal line length (m) | Diagonal line length (ft) | Speed (km/h) | Speed (mph) | Maximum gradient | Passenger capacity | Opening year | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 168 stairs Monorail | Accessibility | Script error: No such module "convert". | 2.1 | 1.3 | 42° | 8 | 2016 | Choryang-dong, Dong District, Busan | |
| Changwon Country Club | Golf course | Script error: No such module "convert". | 1997 | Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do | |||||
| Gohan-eup Monorail | Accessibility | Script error: No such module "convert". | 3.53 | 2.19 | 16° | 12 | 2009 | Jeongseon, Gangwon-do | |
| Haenam Ttangkkut | Park | Script error: No such module "convert". | 0.9 | 0.6 | 26°50′ | 2005 | Haenam, Jeollanam-do | ||
| Haenam Ttangkkut | Park | Script error: No such module "convert". | 3.6 | 2.2 | 23°30′ | 40 | 2005 | Haenam, Jeollanam-do | |
| Hamyang Daebongsan monorail | Park | Script error: No such module "convert". | 2020[12] | Hamyang County | |||||
| Hwaam Cave | Park | Script error: No such module "convert". | 6.6 | 4.1 | 20° | 2003 | Jeongseon, Gangwon-do | ||
| Hwanseongul Cave | Park | Script error: No such module "convert". | 2006 | Samcheok, Gangwon-do | |||||
| Kwangju Country Club | Golf course | Script error: No such module "convert". | 2002 | Gokseong, Jeollanam-do | |||||
| Naengcheon Country Club | Golf course | Script error: No such module "convert". | 2003 | Daegu | |||||
| Namgwangju Country Club | Golf course | Script error: No such module "convert". | 2001 | Hwasun, Jeollanam-do | |||||
| Ulsan Country Club | Golf course | Script error: No such module "convert". | 4.8 | 3.0 | 12° | 6 | 2005 | Ulsan | |
| Ulsan Country Club | Golf course | Script error: No such module "convert". | 1993 | Ulsan | |||||
| Yeongju-dong Oreumgil Monorail | Accessibility | Script error: No such module "convert". | 3.6 | 2.2 | 20° | 8 | 2014 | Yeongju-dong, Jung District, Busan | |
| Yong-in Country Club | Golf course | Script error: No such module "convert". | 2001 | Yongin, Gyeonggi-do | |||||
| Yong-in Country Club | Golf course | Script error: No such module "convert". | 2001 | Yongin, Gyeonggi-do |
See also
- Funicular
- Monorail
- Monorails in Japan
- People mover
- Personal rapid transit
- Rack railway
- inclined elevator
References
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- ↑ Delivery results search Template:Webarchive at Kaho Manufacturing's official website yields more than 80 cases (slope cars only).
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Note: Nikkari adopted the name in 1973 while Habegger was sold to Van Roll in 1981. Graventa bought the rope business from Van Roll in 1996 including the Monorack systems.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
External links
- Template:In lang Kaho Manufacturing official website
- Template:In lang Ansaku official website
- Template:In lang Chigusa official website
- Template:In lang Korea Monorail official website, South Korean agency of Kaho Manufacturing.
- Template:In lang Senyō Kōgyō official website
- Template:In lang EMCT Smart Monorail official website