Š-L-M

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Sliem)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Shin-Lamedh-Mem is a triconsonantal root of many Semitic words (many of which are used as names).[1] The root meaning translates to "whole, safe, intact, unharmed, to go free, without blemish". Its earliest known form is in the name of Shalim, the ancient god of dusk of Ugarit. Derived from this are meanings of "to be safe, secure, at peace", hence "well-being, health" and passively "to be secured, pacified, submitted".

Arabic Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".), Maltese sliem, Hebrew Script error: No such module "lang". (<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שָׁלוֹם‎), Ge'ez Script error: No such module "Lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".), Syriac šlama (pronounced Shlama, or Shlomo in the Western Syriac dialect) (Script error: No such module "Lang".), Mandaic šlama (Script error: No such module "Lang".) are cognate Semitic terms for 'peace', deriving from a Proto-Semitic *šalām-.

Given names related to the same root include Solomon (Süleyman), Absalom, Selim, Salem, Salim, Salma, Salmah, Salman, Selimah, Shelimah, Salome, Szlama (Polish) etc.

Arabic (and by extension Maltese), Hebrew, Ge'ez, and Aramaic have cognate expressions meaning 'peace be upon you' used as a greeting:

  • Arabic: As-salāmu ʻalaykum (Script error: No such module "Lang".) is used to greet others and is an Arabic equivalent of 'hello'. The appropriate response to such a greeting is "and upon you be peace" (wa-ʻalaykum as-salām).
    • Maltese: Script error: No such module "Lang"..
  • Hebrew: Shālôm ʻalêḵem (<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שלום עליכם‎) is the equivalent of the Arabic expression, the response being <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />עליכם שלום‎ ʻAlêḵem shālôm, 'upon you be peace'.
  • Ge'ez: Selami ālikayimi (Script error: No such module "Lang".)
  • Neo-Aramaic: šlámaloxun, Šlama 'lokh (Script error: No such module "Lang".), classically, Šlām lakh Script error: No such module "Lang"..

East Semitic

In the Amarna letters, a few of the 382 letters discuss the exchange of "peace gifts", greeting-gifts (Shulmani) between the Pharaoh and the other ruler involving the letter.[2] Examples are Zita (Hittite prince), and Tushratta of Mitanni. Also, Kadashman-Enlil of Babylon, (Karduniaš of the letters).

Šalām (shalamu) is also used in letter introductions to express the authors' health. An example letter EA19, from Tushratta to Pharaoh, states:

"...the king of Mittani, your brother. For me all goes well. For you may all go well." (lines 2-4)[3]

In Akkadian:[4]

  • Salimatu "alliance"
  • Salimu "peace, concord"
  • Shalamu "to be(come) whole, safe; to recover; to succeed, prosper"
  • Shulmu "health, well-being"; also a common greeting

Arabic

File:Salaam.png
"Salām"

The Arabic word salām is used in a variety of expressions and contexts in Arabic and Islamic speech and writing. "Al-Salām" is one of the 99 names of God in Islam, and also a male given name in conjunction with Script error: No such module "lang".. ʻAbd al-Salām translates to 'Slave of [the embodiment of] Peace', i.e. of Allah.[5]

  • Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "lang". 'Peace'
  • Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "lang". 'Peace be upon you'
  • Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "lang". 'Submission'
  • Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "lang". 'One who submits'
  • Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "lang". – 'Delivering peace – giving a salutation or a submission'
  • Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "lang". – 'The act of submitting (oneself), surrenderring'
  • Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "lang". – 'One who submits (oneself), surrenders'
  • Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "lang". – 'subject of SLM – its SLM, 'the vase is SLM', 'the vase is whole, unbroken'
  • Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "lang". – 'undisputed'
  • Catholic Church: in the rosary: Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "lang". 'Hail Mary'.

In Maltese:

  • Sliem – 'peace'
  • Sellem – 'to greet, to salute'

Script error: No such module "anchor".

Arabic Islām

Template:Further information The word Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "lang". is a verbal noun derived from s-l-m, meaning "submission" (i.e. entrusting one's wholeness to a higher force), which may be interpreted as humility. "One who submits" is signified by the participle Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "lang". (fem. Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "lang".).[6]

The word is given a number of meanings in the Qur'an. In some verses (Script error: No such module "lang".), the quality of Islam as an internal conviction is stressed: "Whomsoever God desires to guide, He expands his breast to Islam."[7] Other verses connect islām and dīn (usually translated as "religion"): "Today, I have perfected your religion (Script error: No such module "lang".) for you; I have completed My blessing upon you; I have approved Islam for your religion."[8] Still others describe Islam as an action of returning to God—more than just a verbal affirmation of faith.[9]

Given names

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

  • Salam (Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "lang".)
  • Salman (Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "lang".)
  • Salim (Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "lang".)
  • Selim (Script error: No such module "Lang"., originally: Script error: No such module "lang".)
  • Suleim (Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "lang".)
  • Suleiman (Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "lang".)

Northwest Semitic

File:Shalom.png
"Shalom"
File:Shlama.PNG
"Shlama/Shlomo in (top) Madnkhaya, (middle) Serto, and (bottom) Estrangela script"

Template:Further information

The Koine Greek New Testament text uses eirēnē (Script error: No such module "Lang".) for 'peace',[10] which perhapsScript error: No such module "Unsubst". represents Jesus saying 'šlama'; this Greek form became the northern feminine name Irene. In the Epistles, it often occurs alongside the usual Greek greeting chairein (Script error: No such module "Lang".) in the phrase 'grace and peace'. However, comparison of the Greek Septuagint and Hebrew Masoretic Old Testament texts shows some instances where shalom was translated instead as soteria (Script error: No such module "Lang"., meaning 'salvation').[11]

In Hebrew:

  • Shalom
  • Mushlam (<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מושלם‎) – perfect
  • Shalem (<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שלם‎) – whole, complete
  • Lehashlim (<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />להשלים‎) – to complete, fill in; to reconcile
  • Leshallem (<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />לשלם‎) – to pay
  • Tashlum (<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תשלום‎) – payment
  • Shillumim (<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שילומים‎) – reparations
  • Lehishtallem (<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />להשתלם‎) – to be worth it, to "pay"
  • Absalom (<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אבשלום‎) – a personal name, literally means 'Father [of] Peace'.

In Aramaic:

  • Shlama – 'peace'
  • Shalmuta

Given names

  • Shlomi (<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שלומי‎ or <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שלמי‎)
  • Solomon, Shlomo (<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שלמה‎)
  • Shlomit (<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שלומית‎)
  • Shulamit (<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שולמית‎)

See also

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Huehnergard, J. (2005). A Grammar of Akkadian. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns.
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Entry for šlm, p. 2067, Appendix B: Semitic Roots, The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th ed., Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, Template:ISBN.
  7. ↑ Template:Qref, Template:Qref, Template:Qref
  8. ↑ Template:Qref, Template:Qref, Template:Qref
  9. ↑ See:
  10. ↑ Lk 24:36; Jn 20:19,26; vide NA27 per sy.
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Template:Semitic roots

Retrieved from "http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?title=Š-L-M&oldid=2949595"