Sistema Sac Actun

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Sistema Sac Actun (Template:Langx, Template:Langx) is an underwater cave system situated along the Caribbean coast of the Yucatán Peninsula with passages to the north and west of the city of Tulum. Discovery of a connection to Sistema Dos Ojos in 2018 made it the longest known underwater cave system. since January 2023Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., it is the second longest underwater cave system in the world, only surpassed by Sistema Ox Bel Ha.

The remains of a mastodon and a human female that might be the oldest evidence of human habitation in the Americas have been found in the cave.

History of exploration

Exploration started from Gran Cenote Script error: No such module "convert". west of Tulum. The whole of the explored cave system lies within the Municipality of Tulum, in the state of Quintana Roo.

In early 2007, the underwater cave Sistema Nohoch Nah Chich was connected into and subsumed into Sac Actun making it the longest surveyed underwater cave system in the world.[1] Sac Actun measured Script error: No such module "convert". (after connecting with Sistema Aktun Hu (Script error: No such module "convert".(in January 2011) and is, since January 2023Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". with an explored length of Script error: No such module "convert"., only surpassed by the Sistema Ox Bel Ha at Script error: No such module "convert"..[2][3] Since early 2007, these two caves have frequently exchanged the title of world's longest underwater cave.[4] Including connected dry caves makes Sistema Sac Actun Script error: No such module "convert". long, the second longest cave in Mexico[5] and third longest worldwide.[6]

On December 9, 2004, after a dive with two other teammates, Kent Hirsch and Michael Nast were drowned deep in the cave as they got lost and exhausted their oxygen supply.[7]

In 2018, the discovery of a link between the Sac Actun system (reported to be Script error: No such module "convert". long) and the Dos Ojos system in Tulum, Quintana Roo (Script error: No such module "convert". long) was reported.[8] The connection was found by the Gran Maya Aquifer Project (GAM), led by the cave diver and explorer Robbie Schmittner.[9] The combined system is reported to be the world's second longest underwater cave system known.

Upper Paleolithic remains

In March 2008, three members of the Proyecto Espeleológico de Tulum and Global Underwater Explorers dive team, Alex Alvarez, Franco Attolini, and Alberto Nava, explored a section of Sistema Aktun Hu known as the Hoyo Negro pit.[10][11] At a depth of Script error: No such module "convert". the divers located the remains of a mastodon, as well as a human skull at Script error: No such module "convert". that might be the oldest evidence of human habitation in the Americas.[11] Additional bones were located and the skeleton was later identified as that of a teenage female now referred to as Naia.[12]

See also

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ "Underwater cave is the world’s biggest", Mexico Daily News, January 15, 2018, https://mexiconewsdaily.com/news/underwater-cave-is-worlds-biggest/ (accessed 2018-01-17).
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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