Setaria
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Setaria is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family.[1][2] The name is derived from the Latin word seta, meaning "bristle" or "hair", which refers to the bristly spikelets.[3]
The genus includes over 100 species distributed in many tropical and temperate regions around the world,[4] and members are commonly known as foxtail or bristle grasses.[5][6][7][8][9][10]
Description
The grass is topped by a cylindrical long-haired head, which tend to droop when ripe. The seeds are less than Script error: No such module "convert". in length.[11]
Species
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- Formerly included[13]
Numerous species were once considered members of Setaria but have since been reassigned to the genera Brachiaria, Dissochondrus, Echinochloa, Holcolemma, Ixophorus, Oplismenus, Panicum, Pennisetum, Pseudoraphis, Setariopsis, and Urochloa.
Uses
The grains can be eaten raw, though are hard and can be bitter; boiling can reduce both of these properties.[11]
Several species have been domesticated and used as staple crops throughout history: foxtail millet (S. italica), korali (S. pumila) in India, and, before the full domestication of maize, Setaria macrostachya in Mexico.[14] Several species are still cultivated today as food or as animal fodder, such as foxtail millet and korali (S. pumila), while others are considered invasive weeds.[15] S. italica and S. viridis are being developed as genetic model systems for the study of monocots and bioenergy grasses.[16]
Other species that have been cultivated as crops include S. palmifolia (highland pitpit) of Papua New Guinea, where it is cultivated as a green vegetable; S. parviflora (knot-root foxtail), historically cultivated in Mesoamerica; and S. sphacelata (African bristle grass) of Sudan, a "lost millet" of Nubia.[17]
See also
- Hendrik de Wit, a botanist who studied Setaria
References
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- ↑ Palisot de Beauvois, Ambroise Marie François Joseph. 1812. Essai d'une Nouvelle Agrostographie page 51 in Latin
- ↑ Palisot de Beauvois, Ambroise Marie François Joseph. 1812. Essai d'une Nouvelle Agrostographie plate XIII (13), figure III (3) line drawing of Setaria viridis
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Aliscioni, S., et al. An overview of the genus Setaria (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) in the Old World: Systematic revision and phylogenetic approach. Abstract. Botany 2004. Salt Lake City. August 3, 2004.
- ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
- ↑ Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 1, 499, 531 狗尾草属 gou wei cao shu Setaria P. Beauvois, Ess. Agrostogr. 51. 1812
- ↑ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps
- ↑ Altervista Flora Italiana Template:Webarchive
- ↑ Atlas of Living Australia
- ↑ Sanbi Red List of South African Plants
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Template:Cite POWO
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External links
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- Setaria. California Department of Food and Agriculture.