Senior Wrangler

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File:Senior Wrangler 1842.jpg
1842 in the Senate House, Cambridge: the Senior Wrangler, achiever of "academic supremacy" (here, Arthur Cayley), is admitted to his degree as the top scorer in the university's final-year examinations in mathematics.
File:2013 Mathematical Tripos Results at Cambridge University.ogg
2013 in the same room: the examiner announces the results of the same examinations. In keeping with recent tradition, he raises his academic cap to identify the Senior Wrangler (here, Arran Fernandez); at the end he follows the older tradition of throwing printed notices of the results from the balcony.

The Senior Wrangler is the top mathematics undergraduate at the University of Cambridge in England, a position which has been described as "the greatest intellectual achievement attainable in Britain".[1]

Specifically, it is the person who achieves the highest overall mark among the Wranglers – the students at Cambridge who gain first-class degrees in mathematics. The Cambridge undergraduate mathematics course, or Mathematical Tripos, is famously difficult.

Many Senior Wranglers have become world-leading figures in mathematics, physics, and other fields. They include George Airy, Jacob Bronowski, Christopher Budd, Kevin Buzzard, Arthur Cayley, Henry Cotterill, Donald Coxeter, Arthur Eddington, Ben Green, John Herschel, James Inman, J. E. Littlewood, Lee Hsien Loong, Jayant Narlikar, William Paley, Morris Pell, John Polkinghorne, Frank Ramsey, Lord Rayleigh (John Strutt), Sir George Stokes, Isaac Todhunter, Sir Gilbert Walker, and James H. Wilkinson.

Senior Wranglers were once fêted with torchlit processions and took pride of place in the university's graduation ceremony.[2] Years in Cambridge were often remembered by who had been Senior Wrangler that year.[1]

The annual ceremony in which the Senior Wrangler becomes known was first held in the 18th century. Standing on the balcony of the university's Senate House, the examiner reads out the class results for mathematics,[3] and printed copies of the results are then thrown to the audience below. The examiner no longer announces the students' exact rankings, but they still identify the Senior Wrangler, nowadays tipping their academic hat when reading out the person's name.

Others who finished in the top 12

Those who have achieved second place, known as Second Wranglers, include Alfred Marshall, James Clerk Maxwell, J. J. Thomson, Lord Kelvin, William Clifford, and William Whewell.

Those who have finished between third and 12th include Archibald Hill, Karl Pearson and William Henry Bragg (third), George Green, G. H. Hardy, and Alfred North Whitehead (fourth), Adam Sedgwick (fifth), John Venn (sixth), Bertrand Russell, Nevil Maskelyne and Sir James Timmins Chance (seventh), Thomas Malthus (ninth), and John Maynard Keynes and William Henry Fox Talbot (12th).

History

Between 1748 and 1909 the university publicly announced the ranking,[4] which was then reported in newspapers such as The Times. The examination was considered to be by far the most important in Britain and the Empire. The prestige of being a high Wrangler was great; the respect accorded to the Senior Wrangler was immense. Andrew Warwick, author of Masters of Theory, describes the term 'Senior Wrangler' as "synonymous with academic supremacy".[5]

Since 1910 successful students in the examinations have been told their rankings privately, and not all Senior Wranglers have become publicly known as such. In recent years, the custom of discretion regarding ranking has progressively vanished, and all Senior Wranglers since 2010 have announced their identity publicly.

The youngest person to be Senior Wrangler is probably Arran Fernandez, who came top in 2013, aged 18 years and 0 months.[6] The previous youngest was probably James Wilkinson in 1939, aged 19 years and nine months.[7] The youngest up to 1909 were Alfred Flux in 1887, aged 20 years and two months[8] and Peter Tait in 1852, aged 20 years and eight months.[9]

Two individuals have placed first without becoming known as Senior Wrangler. One was the student Philippa Fawcett in 1890. At that time, although the university allowed women to take the examinations, it did not allow them to be members of the university, nor to receive degrees. Therefore, they could not be known as 'Wranglers', and were merely told how they had performed compared to the male candidates, for example, "equal to the Third Wrangler", or "between the Seventh and Eighth Wranglers". Having gained the highest mark, Fawcett was declared to have finished "above the Senior Wrangler".

The other was the mathematics professor George Pólya. As he had contributed to reforming the Tripos with the aim that an excellent performance would be less dependent on solving hard problems and more so on showing a broad mathematical understanding and knowledge, G.H. Hardy asked Pólya to sit the examinations himself, unofficially, during his stay in England in 1924–5. Pólya did so, and to Hardy's surprise, received the highest mark, an achievement which, had he been a student, would have made him the Senior Wrangler.[10]

Derived uses of the term

Senior Wrangler's Walk is a path in Cambridge, the walk to and along which was considered to be sufficient constitutional exercise for a student aspiring to become the Senior Wrangler. The route was shorter than other walks, such as Wranglers' Walk and the Grantchester Grind, undertaken by undergraduates whose aspirations were lower.[11]

Senior Wrangler sauce is a Cambridge term for brandy butter, a type of hard sauce made from brandy, butter, and sugar, traditionally served in Britain with Christmas pudding and warm mince pies.[12]

Senior Wrangler is also the name of a solitaire card game, alternatively known as Mathematics and Double Calculation, played with two decks of cards and involving elementary modular arithmetic.[13][14]

Literary references

Fictional Senior Wranglers appearing in novels include Roger Hamley, a character in Elizabeth Gaskell's Wives and Daughters, and Tom Jericho, the cryptanalyst in Robert Harris's novel Enigma, who is described as having been Senior Wrangler in 1938. In Catherine Hall's The Proof of Love, Victor Turner is listed as having been Senior Wrangler in 1968.

In George Bernard Shaw's play Mrs. Warren's Profession, the title character's daughter Vivie is praised for "tieing with the third wrangler," and she comments that "the mathematical tripos" means "grind, grind, grind for six to eight hours a day at mathematics, and nothing but mathematics."

In Ford Madox Ford's Parade's End, the character Christopher Tietjens is described as having settled deliberately for only being Second Wrangler, to avoid the weight of expectation that the title would create.

In his Discworld series of novels, Terry Pratchett has a character called the Senior Wrangler, a faculty member at the Unseen University, whose first name is Horace.

The compiler of crosswords for The Leader in the 1930s used 'Senior Wrangler' as a pseudonym.[15]

Coaches

The two most successful 19th-century coaches of Senior Wranglers were William Hopkins and Edward Routh. Hopkins, the 'Senior Wrangler Maker', who himself was the 7th Wrangler, coached 17 Senior Wranglers. Routh, who had himself been the Senior Wrangler, coached 27.[16] Another, described by his student (and Senior Wrangler) J.E. Littlewood as "the last of the great coaches", was another Senior Wrangler, Robert Alfred Herman.[17]

Senior Wranglers and runners up, 1748–1909

During 1748–1909 the top two colleges in terms of number of Senior Wranglers were Trinity and St John's with 56 and 54 respectively. Gonville and Caius was third with 13.

File:WilliamPaley.jpg
William Paley, Senior Wrangler, 1763.
File:FrederickPollock.jpg
Sir Frederick Pollock, 1st Baronet, Senior Wrangler, 1806.
File:John Herschel by Jula Margaret Cameron, Abril 1867.jpg
John Herschel, Senior Wrangler, 1813.
File:George Biddell Airy.jpg
George Biddell Airy, Senior Wrangler, 1823.
File:George Gabriel Stokes.jpg
George Gabriel Stokes, Senior Wrangler, 1841.
File:Arthur Cayley.jpg
Arthur Cayley, Senior Wrangler, 1842.
File:John Couch Adams.jpg
John Couch Adams, Senior Wrangler, 1843.
File:Todhunter Isaac.jpg
Isaac Todhunter, Senior Wrangler, 1848.
File:Tait Peter Guthrie.jpg
Peter Guthrie Tait, who at 20 years 8 months in 1852 was younger than all previous Senior Wranglers.
File:Edward J Routh.jpg
Edward Routh, Senior Wrangler in 1854 and coach to many subsequent Senior Wranglers.
File:John William Strutt.jpg
John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, Senior Wrangler, 1865.
File:T O Harding, Trinity College, senior wrangler.png
Thomas Oliver Harding, Senior Wrangler, 1863.
File:Young Donald MacAlister.jpg
Donald MacAlister, Senior Wrangler, 1877. The postcard portrait is a sign of the fame associated with the position of Senior Wrangler.
File:Phillipafawcett.jpg
Philippa Fawcett, ranked "above the Senior Wrangler" in 1890.
File:Thomas John Bromwich.jpg
Thomas John I'Anson Bromwich, Senior Wrangler, 1895.
File:Arthur Stanley Eddington.jpg
Arthur Eddington, Senior Wrangler, 1904
File:Peter Swinnerton-Dyer.jpeg
Peter Swinnerton-Dyer, Senior Wrangler in the 1940s
File:Michael Edward Ash.jpg
Michael Edward Ash, Senior Wrangler, 1948
File:Jayant Vishnu Narlikar - Kolkata 2007-03-20 07324.jpg
Jayant Narlikar, Senior Wrangler, 1959
File:Lee Hsien-Loong - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2012 cropped.jpg
Lee Hsien Loong, Senior Wrangler, 1973
File:Kevin buzzard in 2007.jpg
Kevin Buzzard, Senior Wrangler, 1990
File:Ben Green.jpg
Ben Joseph Green, Senior Wrangler, 1998
Year Senior Wrangler(s)[18][note 1] College Proxime accessit/accesserunt
(runner(s) up)		 College
1748 Script error: No such module "Sort". Gonville and Caius John Cranwell Sidney Sussex
1749 Script error: No such module "Sort". Corpus Christi Francis Coventry Magdalene
1750 Script error: No such module "sort". St John's John Gooch Gonville and Caius
1751 Script error: No such module "sort". Christ's William Cardale Pembroke
1752 Script error: No such module "sort". Magdalene Script error: No such module "sort". Clare
1753 Script error: No such module "sort". Trinity William Preston Trinity
1754 Script error: No such module "sort". St John's Samuel Hallifax Jesus
1755 Script error: No such module "sort". Jesus John Hatsell Queens'
1756 Script error: No such module "sort". Corpus Christi William Bearcroft Peterhouse
1757 Script error: No such module "Sort". Magdalene Script error: No such module "Sort".
1758 Script error: No such module "Sort". Peterhouse Script error: No such module "Sort". Sidney Sussex
1759 Script error: No such module "sort". St John's Script error: No such module "Sort". Trinity
1760 Script error: No such module "sort". Clare Anthony Hamilton Corpus Christi
1761 Script error: No such module "Sort". Peterhouse Timothy Lowten St John's
1762 Script error: No such module "sort". Christ's Jeremiah Pemberton Pembroke
1763 Script error: No such module "Sort". Script error: No such module "Sort". Gonville and Caius
1764 Script error: No such module "Sort". Corpus Christi John Fairfax Francklin Emmanuel
1765 Script error: No such module "sort". Gonville and Caius John Clement Ives Gonville and Caius
1766 Script error: No such module "sort". St John's John Law Christ's
1767 Script error: No such module "Sort". Pembroke George Dutens Queens'
1768 Script error: No such module "Sort". St John's George Fielding Trinity
1769 Script error: No such module "Sort". Christ's William Burslem St John's
1770 Script error: No such module "sort". St John's Script error: No such module "sort".
1771 Script error: No such module "sort". Script error: No such module "sort". Gonville and Caius
1772 Script error: No such module "Sort". Pembroke Script error: No such module "sort". Clare
1773 Script error: No such module "sort". Gonville and Caius Script error: No such module "sort". St John's
1774 Script error: No such module "Sort". Queens' Script error: No such module "sort". Peterhouse
1775 Script error: No such module "Sort". Gonville and Caius Script error: No such module "Sort". St John's
1776 Script error: No such module "Sort". Emmanuel Script error: No such module "Sort". Jesus
1777 Script error: No such module "Sort". Trinity Script error: No such module "sort". Trinity
1778 Script error: No such module "Sort". Magdalene Script error: No such module "sort". Emmanuel
1779 Script error: No such module "Sort". Trinity Script error: No such module "Sort".[note 2] St John's
1780 Script error: No such module "sort". Pembroke Script error: No such module "Sort". Christ's
1781 Script error: No such module "Sort". Script error: No such module "sort". & Script error: No such module "Sort". Trinity & Queens'
1782 Script error: No such module "Sort". St John's Script error: No such module "Sort". Trinity
1783 Script error: No such module "Sort". Sidney Sussex Script error: No such module "sort". Magdalene
1784 Script error: No such module "Sort". Queens' Script error: No such module "sort". Sidney Sussex
1785 Script error: No such module "Sort". Trinity Script error: No such module "sort". Clare
1786 Script error: No such module "Sort". Script error: No such module "sort". Jesus
1787 Script error: No such module "Sort". St John's Script error: No such module "sort". St John's
1788 Script error: No such module "Sort". Gonville and Caius Script error: No such module "sort".
1789 Script error: No such module "sort". St John's Script error: No such module "sort". Trinity
1790 Script error: No such module "Sort". Peterhouse Fletcher Raincock Pembroke
1791 Script error: No such module "sort". Trinity Script error: No such module "Sort". Gonville and Caius
1792 Script error: No such module "sort". St John's Script error: No such module "sort". Trinity
1793 Script error: No such module "sort". Queens' Script error: No such module "sort".
1794 Script error: No such module "Sort". Sidney Sussex Script error: No such module "Sort".
1795 Script error: No such module "Sort". Gonville and Caius Script error: No such module "sort". Gonville and Caius
1796 Script error: No such module "Sort". St John's Script error: No such module "sort". Trinity
1797 Script error: No such module "Sort". Trinity Script error: No such module "sort".
1798 Script error: No such module "sort". Robert Martin
1799 Script error: No such module "Sort". St John's Script error: No such module "sort".
1800 Script error: No such module "Sort". Script error: No such module "sort". Corpus Christi
1801 Script error: No such module "Sort". Script error: No such module "sort". Pembroke
1802 Script error: No such module "Sort". Queens' Script error: No such module "sort". Christ's
1803 Script error: No such module "Sort". St John's Script error: No such module "Sort". St John's
1804 Script error: No such module "Sort". Christ's Script error: No such module "sort".[19] Trinity
1805 Script error: No such module "Sort". St Catharine's Script error: No such module "Sort".
1806 Script error: No such module "Sort". Trinity Script error: No such module "sort". St John's
1807 Script error: No such module "sort". St John's Script error: No such module "sort". Trinity
1808 Script error: No such module "Sort". Gonville and Caius Script error: No such module "sort". St John's
1809 Script error: No such module "Sort". Script error: No such module "sort". Gonville and Caius
1810 Script error: No such module "Sort". Trinity Script error: No such module "Sort". Trinity
1811 Script error: No such module "Sort". Script error: No such module "sort". Caius
1812 Script error: No such module "Sort". St John's Script error: No such module "sort". Trinity
1813 Script error: No such module "Sort". Script error: No such module "Sort".
1814 Script error: No such module "sort". Script error: No such module "sort". St John's
1815 Script error: No such module "sort". Trinity Script error: No such module "sort". Jesus
1816 Script error: No such module "Sort". Gonville and Caius Script error: No such module "Sort". Trinity
1817 Script error: No such module "sort". St John's Script error: No such module "Sort". Pembroke
1818 Script error: No such module "Sort". Trinity Script error: No such module "sort". St John's
1819 Script error: No such module "Sort". Queens' Script error: No such module "sort".
1820 Script error: No such module "Sort". Trinity Script error: No such module "sort".
1821 Script error: No such module "sort". Script error: No such module "Sort".
1822 Script error: No such module "sort". Gonville and Caius Script error: No such module "sort". Corpus Christi
1823 Script error: No such module "Sort". Trinity Script error: No such module "sort". St John's
1824[20] Script error: No such module "sort". St John's Script error: No such module "sort". Corpus Christi
1825 Script error: No such module "Sort". Trinity Script error: No such module "sort". Clare
1826 Script error: No such module "sort". Script error: No such module "Sort".[21] St John's
1827 Script error: No such module "Sort". Peterhouse Script error: No such module "sort". Trinity
1828 Script error: No such module "Sort". Trinity Script error: No such module "sort". St John's
1829 Script error: No such module "Sort". St Catharine's Script error: No such module "Sort". Trinity
1830 Script error: No such module "sort". St John's Script error: No such module "sort". Sidney Sussex
1831 Script error: No such module "Sort". Script error: No such module "sort". St John's
1832 Script error: No such module "sort". Trinity Script error: No such module "Sort".
1833 Script error: No such module "sort". Gonville and Caius Script error: No such module "sort". Pembroke
1834 Script error: No such module "Sort". Queens' Script error: No such module "Sort". Trinity
1835 Script error: No such module "Sort". St John's Script error: No such module "Sort".[note 3]
1836 Script error: No such module "Sort". Trinity Script error: No such module "Sort". St John's
1837 Script error: No such module "sort". St John's Script error: No such module "Sort".
1838 Script error: No such module "sort". Script error: No such module "sort". Corpus Christi
1839 Script error: No such module "Sort". Script error: No such module "Sort". St John's
1840 Script error: No such module "Sort". Trinity Script error: No such module "sort". Caius
1841 Script error: No such module "Sort". Pembroke Script error: No such module "sort". Trinity
1842 Script error: No such module "Sort". Trinity Script error: No such module "sort". St John's
1843 Script error: No such module "Sort". St John's Script error: No such module "sort".
1844 Script error: No such module "sort". Script error: No such module "sort". Gonville and Caius
1845 Script error: No such module "Sort". Script error: No such module "Sort". (later known as Lord Kelvin)[note 4] Peterhouse
1846 Script error: No such module "sort". Trinity Script error: No such module "sort". Pembroke
1847 Script error: No such module "sort". St John's Script error: No such module "sort". Trinity
1848 Script error: No such module "Sort". Script error: No such module "sort". Gonville and Caius
1849 Script error: No such module "sort". Script error: No such module "sort".
1850 Script error: No such module "sort". Corpus Christi Script error: No such module "Sort". Trinity
1851 Script error: No such module "Sort". Gonville and Caius Script error: No such module "sort". St John's
1852 Script error: No such module "Sort". Peterhouse Script error: No such module "sort". Peterhouse
1853 Script error: No such module "sort". St John's Script error: No such module "sort". Emmanuel
1854 Script error: No such module "Sort".[note 5] Peterhouse Script error: No such module "Sort". Peterhouse & Trinity
1855 Script error: No such module "sort". St John's Script error: No such module "Sort". St John's
1856 Script error: No such module "Sort". Script error: No such module "Sort". Trinity
1857 Script error: No such module "sort". Queens' Script error: No such module "sort". Pembroke
1858 Script error: No such module "sort". Script error: No such module "sort". Peterhouse
1859 Script error: No such module "Sort". St John's Script error: No such module "sort". & Script error: No such module "sort". Trinity & Gonville and Caius
1860 Script error: No such module "Sort". Trinity Script error: No such module "sort". St John's
1861 Script error: No such module "sort". Script error: No such module "sort". Magdalene
1862 Script error: No such module "sort". Script error: No such module "sort". St John's
1863 Script error: No such module "Sort". Trinity Hall Script error: No such module "Sort". Trinity
1864 Script error: No such module "sort". Trinity Script error: No such module "sort".
1865 Script error: No such module "Sort". Script error: No such module "Sort". St John's
1866 Script error: No such module "sort". Peterhouse Script error: No such module "sort". Trinity
1867 Script error: No such module "sort". Trinity Script error: No such module "Sort".
1868 Script error: No such module "Sort". St John's Script error: No such module "Sort".
1869 Script error: No such module "Sort".[note 6] Trinity Script error: No such module "sort". St John's
1870 Script error: No such module "Sort". St John's Script error: No such module "Sort".
1871 Script error: No such module "Sort". Trinity Script error: No such module "Sort". Trinity
1872 Script error: No such module "sort". St John's Script error: No such module "Sort".
1873 Script error: No such module "sort". Trinity Script error: No such module "sort".
1874 Script error: No such module "sort". Gonville and Caius Script error: No such module "Sort".
1875 Script error: No such module "sort". Trinity Script error: No such module "Sort". & George Chrystal Pembroke & Peterhouse
1876 Script error: No such module "sort". St John's William Loudon Mollison Clare
1877 Script error: No such module "Sort". Script error: No such module "sort". Gonville and Caius
1878 Script error: No such module "Sort". Christ's Script error: No such module "sort". Trinity
1879 Script error: No such module "sort". Peterhouse Script error: No such module "sort". Queens'
1880 Script error: No such module "Sort". St John's Script error: No such module "Sort".[note 4] Trinity
1881 Script error: No such module "Sort".[note 7] Trinity Script error: No such module "sort".
1882[24] Script error: No such module "sort". Script error: No such module "sort". St John's
1882[note 8] Script error: No such module "sort". Jesus Script error: No such module "Sort". Trinity
1883 Script error: No such module "Sort". St John's Script error: No such module "sort".
1884 Script error: No such module "Sort". Trinity Script error: No such module "sort".
1885 Script error: No such module "sort". King's Script error: No such module "Sort". St John's
1886 Script error: No such module "Sort". Trinity Script error: No such module "sort".
1887 Script error: No such module "Sort"., Sir Alfred William Flux, John Henry Michell & John Cyril Iles St John's, St John's, Trinity & Trinity Script error: No such module "sort". Emmanuel
1888 Script error: No such module "Sort". St John's Script error: No such module "sort". Trinity
1889 Script error: No such module "Sort". Trinity Script error: No such module "Sort". & Percy Cory Gaul[25] Trinity & Trinity
1890 Geoffrey Thomas Bennett;
Philippa Fawcett placed "Above the Senior Wrangler"[note 9]		 St John's
(Fawcett: Newnham)		 Script error: No such module "sort". Trinity
1891 Script error: No such module "sort". Corpus Christi Script error: No such module "sort". & Script error: No such module "sort". Christ's & Sidney Sussex
1892 Script error: No such module "Sort". Trinity Script error: No such module "sort". Christ's
1893 Script error: No such module "sort". Christ's Script error: No such module "sort". & Script error: No such module "sort". King's & Trinity
1894 Script error: No such module "sort". & William Fellows Sedgwick Trinity & Trinity Script error: No such module "sort". Clare
1895 Script error: No such module "Sort". St John's Script error: No such module "sort". & E. T. Whittaker Peterhouse & Trinity
1896 Script error: No such module "sort". Queens' Script error: No such module "Sort"., Script error: No such module "sort". & Script error: No such module "sort". Trinity, Trinity & Trinity
1897 Script error: No such module "sort". Trinity Script error: No such module "Sort". Trinity
1898 Script error: No such module "sort". St John's Script error: No such module "Sort". & James Hopwood Jeans Gonville and Caius & Trinity
1899 Script error: No such module "sort". & R. P. Paranjpye[note 10] Pembroke & St John's Script error: No such module "sort". Trinity
1900 Script error: No such module "sort". Trinity Script error: No such module "sort". Trinity Hall
1901 Script error: No such module "sort". Gonville and Caius Script error: No such module "sort". Emmanuel
1902 Script error: No such module "Sort". St John's Script error: No such module "sort". St John's
1903 Script error: No such module "Sort". & Philip Edward Marrack Trinity & Trinity Script error: No such module "sort"., Ernest Gold, George Frederic Sowden Hills and Sidney Hill Phillips Trinity, St John's, Trinity and St John's
1904 Script error: No such module "Sort".[note 11] Trinity Script error: No such module "sort". Trinity
1905 Script error: No such module "Sort". & James Mercer Trinity & Trinity Script error: No such module "sort". Trinity Hall
1906 Script error: No such module "sort". & Script error: No such module "sort". Trinity & Trinity Script error: No such module "sort". Clare
1907 Script error: No such module "Sort". Trinity Script error: No such module "sort". Trinity
1908 Script error: No such module "Sort". & A. W. Ibbotson Trinity & Pembroke Script error: No such module "sort". Christ's
1909 Script error: No such module "Sort". Trinity E. H. Neville Trinity

Senior Wranglers since 1910

Year Senior Wrangler College
1912 Script error: No such module "sort". King's
1914 Script error: No such module "sort".[27] Trinity
1915 Script error: No such module "sort".[28] St. John's
1923 Script error: No such module "sort".[29] Trinity
1928 Script error: No such module "sort".[30]
1930 Script error: No such module "Sort".[31] Jesus
1934 Script error: No such module "Sort".[32] Clare
1939 Script error: No such module "sort".[33] Trinity
1940 Script error: No such module "Sort".[34]
1944 Script error: No such module "Sort".[35] St John's
1948 Script error: No such module "sort".[36] Trinity
1952 Script error: No such module "Sort".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
1953 Script error: No such module "Sort".[37] Trinity Hall
1959 Script error: No such module "sort".[38] non-collegiate
1964 Script error: No such module "sort".[39] Trinity
1966 Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
1967 Script error: No such module "sort".[40] Churchill
1970 Script error: No such module "sort".[41] King's
1972 Script error: No such module "sort".[42] Christ's
1973 Script error: No such module "sort".[43][44] Trinity
1975 Script error: No such module "sort".[45] St John's
1977 Script error: No such module "Sort".[46][47] Trinity
1981 Mike Giles Churchill
1982 Script error: No such module "sort".[48] St John's
1983 Script error: No such module "sort". Trinity
1985 Script error: No such module "sort".[49]
1990 Script error: No such module "Sort".[50]
1992 Script error: No such module "sort".[51][52] Queens'
1993 Script error: No such module "Sort". Trinity
1994 Script error: No such module "Sort". Churchill
1995 Balazs Szendroi Trinity
1996 David W. Essex
1997 Script error: No such module "Sort".
1998 Script error: No such module "Sort".[53]
1999 Script error: No such module "sort". Peterhouse
2000 Script error: No such module "sort".[54][55] Trinity
2001 Script error: No such module "Sort".[56]
2002 Script error: No such module "sort".
2003 Script error: No such module "Sort".[57]
2004 Script error: No such module "sort".[58]
2005 Tim Austin
2006 Antonio Lei
2007 Script error: No such module "sort".[59]
2008 Script error: No such module "sort".[60]
2009 Script error: No such module "sort".[61] Trinity Hall
2010 Script error: No such module "sort".[62] Trinity
2011 Script error: No such module "sort".[63] Gonville and Caius
2012 Script error: No such module "sort".[64] Trinity
2013 Script error: No such module "sort".[6][65] Fitzwilliam
2014 Script error: No such module "sort".[66] Downing
2015 Script error: No such module "sort".[67] Trinity
2016 Script error: No such module "sort".[68] Churchill
2017 Script error: No such module "sort". Trinity
2018 Script error: No such module "sort".
2019 Script error: No such module "sort".[69]
2020 Script error: No such module "sort". N/A
2021 Script error: No such module "sort". Trinity
2022 Script error: No such module "sort".
2023 Script error: No such module "sort".
2024 Script error: No such module "sort". St John's
2025 Script error: No such module "sort". Trinity

Senior Wranglers since 1910 also include:

See also

Notes

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  1. ↑ In years where there was a tie, individuals tied have been shown as Senior Wrangler, with the next placed candidate(s) as Proxime Accessit; strictly speaking, if n individuals are tied as Senior Wrangler, any runner up is (n+1)-st Wrangler .
  2. ↑ Thomas Jones, the Senior Wrangler that year, acted as his tutor.
  3. ↑ Also senior classic.
  4. ↑ a b According to legend, Kelvin was so confident he had come top that he asked his servant to run to the Senate House and check who the Second Wrangler was. The servant returned and told him, "You, sir!" Kelvin was reportedly beaten largely on the basis of Parkinson's superior exam technique. The result was reversed in the Smith Prize. This story has also been attributed to J.J. Thomson in 1880, and others.[22]
  5. ↑ Routh found more fame subsequently as a coach of other Senior Wranglers. Indeed for twenty-two consecutive years from 1862, one of his pupils was Senior Wrangler, and he coached twenty-seven in all. His first pupil in 1856 was Third Wrangler, and in 1858 both the Senior and Second Wrangler were coached by him.[23]
  6. ↑ First Jewish Senior Wrangler. A special grace was passed to allow him to be graduated using a special form of the wording to not offend his religious beliefs.
  7. ↑ Forsyth was one of the men who were principally responsible for the reform of the Tripos system that led to the end of the Tripos ranking.
  8. ↑ Regulations were changed to split the class list into Parts I & II, and Part III. The examinations for the former were held in June and retained the ordered class list (in contrast to Part III), so two sets of results exist for this year.
  9. ↑ Women were allowed to take the Tripos from 1881, when Charlotte Scott achieved the eighth highest mark (but was not officially ranked as eighth wrangler); but their results were published on a separate list and they were not officially ranked among the wranglers, so Fawcett was not officially Senior Wrangler despite receiving the highest mark on the tripos. Women students were finally admitted as full members of the university in 1948.
  10. ↑ First Indian Senior Wrangler.
  11. ↑ Eddington was the first person to be Senior Wrangler after only two years of study.[26]

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References

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  1. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Wilkinson, James H. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ It appears that '22nd wrangler' in the entry for William Albin Garratt in Venn. Template:Acad is a misprint for '2nd wrangler'; cf Neale, Charles Montague (1907), The Senior Wranglers of the University of Cambridge, from 1748 to 1907: With Biographical, etc., Notes (Bury St. Edmunds: F.T. Groom and Son; 61pp), p. 26; at all events, Garratt took the First Smith's Prize in 1804, with the Senior Wrangler, Kaye, placing Second, although Kaye also took the Senior Classical Medal (for reference without prejudice, at the time, other things being equal, undergraduates at Trinity were given preference for the Smith's Prizes)
  20. ↑ Classical Tripos established.
  21. ↑ Founded Hymers College.
  22. ↑ A History of Mathematics in Cambridge
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ An account exists of the 1882 graduation ceremony. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Bronowski's biography at the MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive: Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Uppingham School and Clare College Archives.
  33. ↑ Wilkinson's biography at the MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive: Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Trinity College Cambridge,"Making Guinness Guinness – Michael Ash", The Fountain, Issue 23"
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  69. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Subscription required
  71. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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Bibliography

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  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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