Self-coup
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A self-coup, also called an autocoup (Template:Etymology) or coup from the top, is a form of coup d'état in which a political leader, having come to power through legal means, stays in office or increases their power illegally through the actions of themselves or their supporters.[1] The leader may dissolve or render powerless the national legislature and unlawfully assume extraordinary powers. Other measures may include annulling the constitution, suspending civil courts, and having the head of government assume dictatorial powers.[2][3]
From 1946 to the beginning of 2021, an estimated 148 self-coup attempts took place, 110 in autocracies and 38 in democracies.[4]
List of self-coups
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- Template:Flagcountry: President Manuel José Arce (October 10, 1826)[5]
- Template:Flagcountry: President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (December 2, 1851)[6]
- File:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay: President Juan Lindolfo Cuestas (February 10, 1898)[7]
- File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria: Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss (March 15, 1933)[8]
- Template:Flagcountry: Chancellor Adolf Hitler (March 23, 1933 / August 2, 1934)[6][9]
- File:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay: President Gabriel Terra (March 31, 1933)[10]
- File:Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia: Prime Minister in duties of the State Elder Konstantin Päts (March 12, 1934)[11]
- File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil: President Getúlio Vargas (November 10, 1937)[12]
- File:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay: President Alfredo Baldomir (February 21, 1942)[13]
- Template:Flagcountry: King Michael I of Romania (August 23, 1944)[14]
- File:Flag of Bolivia.svg Bolivia: President Mamerto Urriolagoitía (May 16, 1951)[15]
- File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan: Governor-General Ghulam Muhammad (April 1953 – September 21, 1954)[16][17]
- File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia: President Sukarno (July 5, 1959)[18]
- File:Flag of Nepal.svg Nepal: King Mahendra (December 15, 1960)
- File:Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand: Prime Minister Thanom Kittikachorn (November 17, 1971)
- File:Flag of the Philippines (navy blue).svg Philippines: President Ferdinand Marcos (September 23, 1972)[6][19]
- File:Flag of South Korea (1949–1984).svg South Korea: President Park Chung Hee (October 17, 1972)[20]
- Template:Country data Swaziland: King Sobhuza II (April 12, 1973)[21]
- File:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay: President Juan María Bordaberry (June 27, 1973)[2]
- File:Flag of Peru.svg Peru: President Alberto Fujimori (April 5, 1992)[22]
- File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia: President Boris Yeltsin (September 21, 1993)Template:Efn
- File:Flag of Cambodia.svg Cambodia: Prime Minister Hun Sen (July 1997)[23][24]
- File:Flag of Nepal.svg Nepal: King Gyanendra (February 1, 2005)
- File:Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela: President Nicolás Maduro (March 29, 2017)[25]
- File:Flag of Peru.svg Peru: President Martín Vizcarra (September 30, 2019)[26][27][28]
- File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia: Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin (29 February 2020)[29]
- File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia: President Vladimir Putin (July 4, 2020)[30][31][32]
- File:Flag of El Salvador.svg El Salvador: President Nayib Bukele (May 1, 2021)[33]
- File:Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia: President Kais Saied (July 25, 2021)[34][35][36]
- File:Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan: Chairman of the Sovereignty Council Abdel Fattah al-Burhan (October 25, 2021)[37]
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Notable events described as attempted self-coups
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- File:Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala: President Jorge Serrano Elías (May 25 – June 5, 1993)[38]
- File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia: President Abdurrahman Wahid (July 1–25, 2001)[39]
- File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia: Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad (February 23 – March 1, 2020)[40]
- File:Flag of the United States.svg United States: President Donald Trump (November 4, 2020 – January 6, 2021; after election loss)[41][42][43]
- File:Flag of Peru.svg Peru: President Pedro Castillo (December 7, 2022)[44]
- File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil: President Jair Bolsonaro (October 30, 2022 – December 31, 2022; January 8, 2023; after election loss)[45][46]
- File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel: Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu (ongoing events, since he assumed office on December 29, 2022)Template:Efn
- File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea: President Yoon Suk Yeol (December 3–4, 2024)[47][48]
- File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey: President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (ongoing events culminating in the arrest of Ekrem İmamoğlu on March 19, 2025)[49]
See also
Notes
References
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- ↑ Barry S. Levitt (2006), "A Desultory Defense of Democracy: OAS Resolution 1080 and the Inter-American Democratic Charter, Latin American Politics and Society, Volume 48, Issue 3, September 2006, Pages: 93–123. pp104-5
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Further reading
- Arthur A Goldsmith. 2024. "Power Grabs from the Top: A Database of Self-Coups." International Studies Quarterly, Volume 68, Issue 4
- F. E. Guerra-Pujol. 2024. "Gödel's Loophole: A Prequel." Southwestern Journal of International Law, Volume 30, Issue 2
External links
Template:Coup d'état Template:African coups d'État Template:Latin America coup d'état