Selenicereus undatus

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Selenicereus undatus, the white-fleshed pitahaya, is a species of the genus Selenicereus (formerly Hylocereus) in the family Cactaceae[1] and is the most cultivated species in the genus. It is used both as an ornamental vine and as a fruit crop – the pitahaya or dragon fruit.[2]

Like all true cacti, the genus originates in the Americas, S. undatus is found from Mexico to Honduras;[3] it may be a hybrid. It is most frequently attributed to the island of Martinique in the West Indies.[4]

Description

File:Dragonfruit Chiayi market.jpg
The red pitahaya at the Chiayi market, Taiwan
File:Hylocereus undatus 111.JPG
The flowers in Rome

Plant

Dragonfruit stems are scandent (climbing habit), creeping, sprawling or clambering, and branch profusely. There can be four to seven of them, between Template:Cvtor longer, with joints from Template:Cvt or longer, and Template:Cvt thick; with generally three ribs; margins are corneous (horn-like) with age, and undulate.[2]

Areoles, that is, the small area bearing spines or hairs on a cactus, are Template:Cvt across with internodes Template:Cvt. Spines on the adult branches are Template:Cvt long, being acicular (needle-like) to almost conical, and grayish brown to black in colour and spreading, with a deep green epidermis.[2]

Flowers

The scented, nocturnal flowers are Template:Cvt long, Template:Cvt wide with the pericarpel Template:Cvt long, about Template:Cvt thick, bracteoles ovate, acute, to 2.5 to less than Template:Cvt long; receptacle about Template:Cvt thick, bracteoles are linear-lanceolate, Template:Cvt long; outer tepals lanceolate-linear to linear, acuminate (tapering to a point), being Template:Cvt long, Template:Cvt wide and mucronate (ending in a short sharp point). Their colour is greenish-yellow or whitish, rarely rose-tinged; These outer tepals, or sepals are about 65 in number, and bring the flower to a total width of up to Script error: No such module "convert"..[5] inner tepals are lanceolate (tapering to a point at the tip) to oblanceolate (i.e. more pointed at the base), up to Template:Cvt long about Template:Cvt wide at widest point, and mucronate, unbroken, sharp to acuminate (pointed), and white.

Stamens Template:Cvt long, are declinate, inserted in one continuous zone from throat to Template:Cvt above the pericarpel and cream. The style (bearing the stigma) to 17, they are Template:Cvt long, stout, Template:Cvt thick, cream, and up to 26 stigma lobes, they can be whole or sometimes split at the top, cream, about Template:Cvt long. Nectar chambers are Template:Cvt long.[2]

Fruit

File:Caryophyllales - Hylocereus undatus - 3.jpg
Mature fruits

The fruit is oblong to oval, Template:Cvt long, Template:Cvt thick, red with large bracteoles, with white, or more uncommonly, pink pulp and edible black seeds.[2]

Habitat

Selenicereus undatus is lithophytic or hemiepiphytic. It is widely distributed through the tropics in cultivation. It is a sprawling or vining, terrestrial or epiphytic cactus. They climb by use of aerial roots and can reach a height of Script error: No such module "convert". or more growing on rocks and trees.

Systematics

This species is closely related to S. ocamponis and S. escuintlensis. Selenicereus undatus was described by (Haw.) Britton & Rose and published in Flora of Bermuda 256. 1918. In 2017, D. R. Hunt groups the genus Hylocereus within the genus Selenicereus. This has been supported by a phylogenetic analysis of the Hylocereeae tribe (Korotkova, et al., 2017), therefore this species is consigned under the name Selenicereus undatus[6]

Taxonomy

The species's epithet undatus in Latin means "wavy" from unda "wave",[7] referring to the wavy edges of its branches' ribs.

File:Night Flowering Cereus Lanikai.JPG
S. undatus shoots overlooking Lanikai and Na Mokulua, Oahu, Hawaii.

Common names

  • Template:Langx
  • Template:Langx
  • English: pitahaya, dragon fruit, night blooming cereus, strawberry pear, Belle of the Night, Cinderella plant, Jesus in the cradle, moonflower[8]
  • Template:Langx
  • Finnish: Script error: No such module "Lang".
  • French: pitaya, fruit du dragon, cierge-lézard, poire de chardon
  • German: Drachenfrucht, Distelbirne
  • Greek: Φρούτο του δράκου (Script error: No such module "lang".)
  • Hawaiian: panini-o-ka-puna-hou ("Punahou cactus") – a famous specimen still grows at Punahou School
  • Japanese: Script error: No such module "Nihongo"., Script error: No such module "Nihongo".,
  • Korean: Yong-gwa (용과, 龍果, literal translation of dragon fruit),
  • Portuguese: pitaia, cato-barse, cardo-ananaz, rainha da noite
  • Spanish: pitahaya roja (Costa Rica, Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela); flor de caliz, pitajava (Puerto Rico); junco, junco tapatio, pitahaya orejona, reina de la noche, tasajo (Mexico)
  • Swedish: skogskaktus, röd pitahaya
  • Vietnamese: thanh long
  • Thai: แก้วมังกร (kaeo mangkon)
  • Malay: buah naga. pronounce:boo-ah naa-gaa
  • Malayalam: വ്യാളീഫലം.
  • Template:Lang-zh
  • Italian: Pitahaya, Frutto del Drago
  • Bengali: ড্রাগন ফল (dragon fal)
  • Lithuanian: Script error: No such module "lang".
  • Myanmar: နဂါးမောက်သီး

See also

References

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  1. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  2. ↑ a b c d e นิดดา หงส์วิวัฒน์ และทวีทอง หงส์วิวัฒน์. แก้วมังกร ใน ผลไม้ 111 ชนิด: คุณค่าอาหารและการกิน. กทม. แสงแดด. 2550 หน้า 37 - 39
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Reisigl, World of Flowers, loc.cit.
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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External links

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