Second Sacred War
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The Second Sacred War was the Spartan defeat of the Phocians at Delphi and the restoration of Delphian self-government.
Background
In 458 or 457Script error: No such module "String".BC, the Phocians captured three towns in the Spartan metropolis of Doris. A Spartan army marched on Doris, defeated the Phocians, and restored Dorian rule. On their way back to Peloponnese, an Athenian force attacked the Spartan army but were repelled, and the Spartans returned home. After the Five Years' Truce, Sparta embarked on a campaign of truncating "Athens' imperialistic ambitions in Central Greece".[1]
Conflict
The Second Sacred War (Template:Langx)[1] was a conflict over the occupation of the Temple of Apollo at Delphi.[2] The Spartans quickly removed the Athenian-backed Phocians and returned stewardship to the Delphians.[3] After the Spartans left, however, an Athenian army led by Pericles took the city and re-installed Phocian rule.[4]
Dating of Conflict
Accepting the writings of the Greek historian Philochorus, a group of historians led by Karl Julius Beloch, Benjamin Dean Meritt, Theodore Wade-Gery and Malcolm Francis McGregor argued that the Spartan ejection of the Phocians occurred in 449Script error: No such module "String".BC, and that the Athenians re-installed them in 447Script error: No such module "String".BC.[5][6] An alternative view was put forward by historians led by Arnold Wycombe Gomme and Felix Jacoby who rejected Philochorus' chronology. Instead, they asserted that both marches on Delphi happened in 448Script error: No such module "String".BC.[7][8][9][10][11]
Comment
This Sacred War and the Third were the only two to be referred to as such in classical antiquity.[1] since 1997[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., there was no extant evidence that these changes in Delphian governance had any effect on pilgrims to the Pythia.[3]Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
References
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