Scutula
Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox
Scutula is a genus of lichenicolous fungi in the family Ramalinaceae.
Taxonomy
The genus Scutula was circumscribed by French botanist Louis René Étienne Tulasne in 1862.[1] The limits of the generic circumscription as well as the limits of certain species in Scutula was confused for a long time.[2][3][4][5] In 1997, Triebel and colleagues applied the name Scutula specifically to a group of species growing on hosts of the Lecanorales suborder Peltigerineae, a monophyletic grouping of cyanobacteria-associated lichens.[6] Before this, Scutula was applied to a diverse set of unrelated lichenicolous fungi featuring hyaline spores with a single septum and sessile apothecia.[7]
Once classified in the family Micareaceae, molecular phylogenetic analysis showed Scutula to be nested within the Ramalinaceae, closely related to the genus Toninia.[8] This familial placement has been accepted in recent large-scale updates of fungal classifications.[9][10][11]
Description
Scutula species are characterized by apothecia that are either lecideine (where exciple forms the underside and outer layer of the apothecium, extending up to the rim, where it forms a darkened "proper margin") or biatorine (having a pale, not darkened proper margin and always lacking a thalline margin). The paraphyses are non-capitate (i.e., lacking a knob-like structure at the tip). Asci have a fuzzy amyloid (in Lugol's iodine solution after pre-treatment with KOH) axial tube structure of the ‘Scutula’-type. The ascospores are smooth, hyaline, and contain a single septum. Anamorphs associated with Scutula include Libertiella in the mesoconidia and Karsteniomyces in the macroconidia.[7]
Species
- Scutula aggregata Bagl. & Carestia (1889)
- Scutula circumspecta (Nyl. ex Vain.) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S.Ekman (2018)
- Scutula curvispora (D.Hawksw. & Miadl.) Diederich (2018)
- Scutula dedicata Triebel, Wedin & Rambold (1997)[6]
- Scutula didymospora (D.Hawksw. & Miadl.) Diederich (2018)
- Scutula effusa (Auersw. ex Rabenh.) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S.Ekman (2018)
- Scutula epiblastematica (Wallr.) Rehm (1890)
- Scutula heeri (Hepp ex A.Massal.) P. Karst. (1885)
- Scutula krempelhuberi Körb. (1865)
- Scutula miliaris (Wallr.) P.Karst. (1853)
- Scutula nephromatis (Speg.) Etayo (2008)
- Scutula pseudocyphellariae Etayo & Triebel (2010)[12]
- Scutula solorinaria (Nyl.) P.Karst. (1885)
- Scutula stereocaulorum (Anzi) Körb. (1865)
- Scutula tuberculosa (Th.Fr.) Rehm (1906)
- Scutula wallrothii Tul. (1852)
References
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