Sclerocactus
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Sclerocactus ("hard cactus", from Greek; refers to the hard, dry fruit) is a genus of cacti. It comprises about 15 species, the exact number depending on the authority. These species are xerophytic. They are sometimes called 'fishhook cactus' or 'little barrels.'
Description
Sclerocactus range in shape from ovoid to elongate cylindric, have rigid stems with tubercles that are generally coalesced into ribs, and are covered with spines that come out of the areoles.[1] Most species have at least one hooked spine at each areole. Less often, species may not have hooks.
These plants are found in higher elevation deserts such as on the Colorado Plateau, or in the Mohave Desert or the Great Basin. They are well suited to extremes due to lack of rainfall, hot summers and below freezing winters.
The little barrel cactus typically grows in areas where water flows irregularly or depressions where water can accumulate for short periods of time. They are most often found growing along washes and arroyos where their seeds have been subjected to scarification due to water movement, but they oddly also tend to grow along ridges in spots where depressions have formed and can hold water for some period of time.
The sometimes hooked or curved spines and the armored web of spines enclosing the cactus body in species of this genus is an adaptation which allows the plant to move to more favorable locations. This plants seeds germinate in areas where water movement occurs or in areas where standing water accumulates for some period of time, and during flash floods, the hooked spines allow the plants to be caught on water borne debris and be uprooted and carried to areas where water tends to accumulate. A large percentage of plants in habitat show signs of water debris damage along the stems which has healed and are found growing on their sides in places where floodwaters have deposited them. The habitat these plants exist in is very arid, and the plants have adapted to exploit water movement to concentrate their biomass in areas where water is likely to be present.
Synonymy
Sclerocactus was once reduced to synonymy with Pediocactus—but this is not accepted; these genera are not closely related.[1] The following genera have been brought into synonymy with Sclerocactus:[2]
- Ancistrocactus Britton & Rose
- Coloradoa Boissev. & C.Davidson
- Echinomastus Britton & Rose
- Toumeya Britton & Rose
Species
since November 2022[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". the following species are recognized in the genus Sclerocactus by Plants of the World Online:[2]
| Section | Image | Scientific name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| Coloradoa | File:Sclerocactus mesae-verdae fh 061 NM B.jpg | Sclerocactus mesae-verdae (Boissev. & C.Davidson) L.D.BensonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | SW. Colorado to NW. New Mexico. |
| Parviflori | File:Sclerocactus brevispinus.jpg | Sclerocactus brevispinus K.D.Heil & J.M.PorterScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | NE. Utah |
| File:Sclerocactus cloverae fh 44 2 NM B.jpg | Sclerocactus cloverae K.D.Heil & J.M.PorterScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | S. Colorado to N. & Central New Mexico | |
| File:2015.05.24 10.48.46 IMG 2292 - Flickr - andrey zharkikh.jpg | Sclerocactus glaucus (K.Schum.) L.D.BensonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Colorado. | |
| File:2015.05.08 09.15.43 IMG 1963 - Flickr - andrey zharkikh.jpg | Sclerocactus parviflorus Clover & JotterScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Utah to W. Colorado and N. Arizona. | |
| File:Sclerocactus sileri fh 52 1 AZ BB.jpg | Sclerocactus sileri (L.D.Benson) K.D.Heil & J.M.PorterScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Arizona (NE. Coconino County) | |
| File:Sclerocactus wetlandicus ssp ilseae fh 0700 in cultur BB.jpg | Sclerocactus wetlandicus HochstätterScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | NE. Utah | |
| File:Sclerocactus whipplei fh 53 10 AZ B.jpg | Sclerocactus whipplei (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) Britton & RoseScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | SE. Utah to NE. Arizona | |
| File:Sclerocactus wrightiae fh 69 75 UT B.jpg | Sclerocactus wrightiae L.D.BensonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Central Utah. | |
| Sclerocactus | File:Sclerocactus blainei fh 102 NV B.jpg | Sclerocactus blainei S.L.Welsh & K.H.ThorneScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Nevada to WSW. Utah |
| File:Sclerocactus nyensis fh 107 NV in cultur BB.jpg | Sclerocactus nyensis HochstätterScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Nevada (N. Mojave Desert) | |
| File:Hermit cactus, Sclerocactus polyancistrus (15461482495).jpg | Sclerocactus polyancistrus (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) Britton & RoseScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | eastern California and southern Nevada | |
| File:Cactus thorns flower.jpg | Sclerocactus pubispinus (Engelm.) L.D.BensonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | E. Nevada to W. Utah | |
| File:Sclerocactus spinosior fh 69 81 UT B.jpg | Sclerocactus spinosior (Engelm.) D.Woodruff & L.D.BensonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Utah | |
| incertae sedis | File:Sclerocactus brevihamatus subsp. tobuschii (5863730397).jpg | Sclerocactus brevihamatus (Engelm.) D.R.HuntScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | SW. Texas to Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León) |
| File:Echinomastus intertextus - Flickr - aspidoscelis (1).jpg | Sclerocactus intertextus (Engelm.) N.P.TaylorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | E. Nevada to W. Utah | |
| File:Echinomastus johnsonii 1.jpg | Sclerocactus johnsonii (Parry ex Engelm.) N.P.TaylorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | SE. California to SW. Utah and NW. Mexico | |
| File:Echinomastus mariposensis.jpg | Sclerocactus mariposensis (Hester) N.P.TaylorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | SW. Texas to Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León) | |
| File:Sclerocactus papyracanthus fh 087 3 AZ BB.jpg | Sclerocactus papyracanthus (Engelm.) N.P.TaylorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | E. Central Arizona to W. Texas | |
| File:Ancistrocactus scheeri.jpg | Sclerocactus scheeri (Salm-Dyck) N.P.TaylorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | E. Central Arizona to W. Texas | |
| File:Echinomastus unguispinus (5730007226).jpg | Sclerocactus unguispinus (Engelm.) N.P.TaylorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | NE. Mexico | |
| Sclerocactus warnockii (L.D.Benson) N.P.TaylorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | W. Texas to Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila) |
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Many species of Sclerocactus are protected under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act and all species should be treated as imperiled.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Cultivation and propagation
Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Sclerocactus are easy to cultivate. They are generally a cold-adapted genus. They grow in very arid areas which are subjected to deep cold in spots where water flows irregularly or depressions where water can accumulate for short period of time. They are most often found growing along washes and arroyos where their seeds have been subjected to scarification due to water movement, but they oddly also tend to grow along ridges in spots where depressions have formed and can hold water for some period of time.
They undergo most of their growth in spring and benefit from moderate fertilizer in cultivation. They prefer mineral-rich, sandy soils. They are tolerant of overwatering provided they are grown in small pots that drain and dry out quickly. They do best out of doors do well in full sun. They are not particularly attractive plants and their vicious hooked spines are a hazard, making them poor houseplants. Like Pediocactus, Sclerocactus "deflate" in late fall in preparation for winter and freezing; they push water out of the plant flesh, through the roots, and into the soil, dramatically decreasing in size. They require deep cold and dormancy to bloom well.
Some species, such as S. parviflorus, produce large, showy flowers and put a short, but impressive floral display in early spring.
Sclerocactus seeds are difficult to germinate as they contain inhibitors, and require cold stratification, prolonged soaking, or scarification of the seeds to trigger germination. Seeds of members of this genus can take up to three years to germinate in some cases if not scarified or subjected to repeated freeze-thaw cycles in the presence of water. The plants are easy to maintain in cultivation but difficult to start from seed.
References
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