Schinus
Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox
Schinus is a genus of flowering trees and tall shrubs in the sumac family, Anacardiaceae. Members of the genus are commonly known as pepper trees. The Peruvian pepper tree (Schinus molle)[1] is the source of the spice known as pink peppercorn.[2]
The species of Schinus are native to South America, ranging from Peru and northeastern Brazil to southern South America.[3] Some species (e.g. Schinus terebinthifolia) have become an invasive species outside their natural habitats. Schinus polygama, although less well known, is also potentially weedy in mesic areas.
Etymology
The generic name is derived from the Greek word for Pistacia lentiscus, Σχίνος (schinos), which it resembles.[4]
There has been considerable historical confusion as to the correct grammatical gender of the genus name; this was resolved in 2015 with the determination that the correct gender of Schinus is feminine, not masculine, and adjectival names within the genus must be spelled accordingly.[5] E.g. Schinus polygamus is found in the literature, but Schinus polygama is deemed to be the correct form. This is because botanical tradition uses feminine gender for the genus name Schinus, as is the classical tradition for most genus names of trees that end in -us,[6] and polygama is an adjective that must take a feminine form (not the masculine form polygamus).[7]
Species
34 species are currently accepted:[3]
- Schinus areira L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Peru, Bolivia, northern Chile
- Schinus bumelioides I.M.Johnst.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – northern Argentina
- Schinus engleri F.A.Barkley – Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay
- Schinus fasciculata (Griseb.) I.M.Johnst. – Bolivia, Paraguay, and northern Argentina
- Schinus ferox Hassl.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, northern Argentina (Misiones Province)
- Schinus gracilipes I.M.Johnst.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – northwestern Argentina
- Schinus johnstonii F.A.BarkleyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Argentina and Uruguay
- Schinus kauselii F.A.BarkleyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – central Chile
- Schinus latifolia (Gillies ex Lindl.) Engl. – central Chile
- Schinus lentiscifolia MarchandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, northern Argentina (Misiones Province)
- Schinus longifolia (Lindl.) Speg.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – west-central and southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, nand northern Argentina
- Schinus marchandii F.A.BarkleyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – southern Chile and southern Argentina
- Schinus meyeri F.A.BarkleyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Bolivia and northwestern Argentina (Salta Province)
- Schinus microphylla I.M.Johnst.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Peru and Bolivia
- Schinus molle L. Peruvian pepper tree
- Schinus molle var. molle (=S. bituminosa, S. occidentalis) – Peru and northern Chile; southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina
- Schinus molle var. rusbyi (L.) DC. – southern Peru and northern Chile
- Schinus montana Engl.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – central Chile
- Schinus myrtifolia (Griseb.) CabreraScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Bolivia and northwestern Argentina
- Schinus odonellii F.A.BarkleyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – southern Chile and western Argentina
- Schinus pampeana Bordignon & Vog.ElyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – southern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)
- Schinus patagonica (Phil.) I.M.Johnst. ex CabreraScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – central and southern Chile and western Argentina
- Schinus pearcei Engler – Bolivia, northern Chile, and Peru
- Schinus pilifera I.M.Johnst.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Bolivia and northern Argentina
- Schinus polygama (Cav.) Cabrera (=S. dentata, S. dependens) – Chile and northwestern Argentina (Mendoza)
- Schinus praecox (Griseb.) Speg.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – north-central Argentina
- Schinus ramboi F.A.BarkleyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – southern and southeastern Brazil
- Schinus roigii Ruíz Leal & CabreraScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – western Argentina
- Schinus sinuata (Griseb.) Engl.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – northeastern Argentina
- Schinus spinosa Engl.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Brazil (Paraná state)
- Schinus talampaya Fabbroni & M.A.ZapaterScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – northwestern Argentina (San Juan and La Rioja)
- Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi Brazilian pepper tree – northeastern to southeastern Brazil, northeastern Argentina, and Paraguay
- Schinus terebinthifolia var. acutifolia Engl.
- Schinus terebinthifolia var. terebinthifolia (=S. aroiera, S. chichita, S. mellisii, S, mucronulata, S. rhoifolia)
- Schinus uruguayensis (F.A.Barkley) Silva-LuzScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – southern Brazil, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina
- Schinus velutina (Turcz.) I.M.Johnst.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – central Chile
- Schinus venturii F.A.Barkley – southern Bolivia to northwestern Argentina (Salta)
- Schinus weinmanniifolia Mart. ex Engl.[8] – south-central to eastern and southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina
Formerly placed here
- Cuscuta myricoides (L.) Druce (as S. myricoides L.)
- Limonia acidissima L. (as S. limonia L.)
- Lithraea molleoides (Vell.) Engl. (as S. molleoides Vell.)
- Zanthoxylum fagara (L.) Sarg. (as S. fagara L.)[8]
References
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ a b Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Zona, S. (2015). The correct gender of Schinus (Anacardiaceae). Phytotaxa, 222(1), 75–77. doi:https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.222.1.9
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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