Sayaguesa
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The Sayaguesa is an endangered Spanish breed of domestic cattle. It is named for the comarca of Sayago in the province of Zamora, in the western part of the autonomous community of Castilla y León, and is raised almost exclusively in that area.[1]Template:R/superscript[2]Template:R/superscript It may also be known as the Zamorana, the Moles de Sayago or the Castellana variedad Sayaguesa.[3]Template:R/superscript It was traditionally kept mainly for draught work,[4]Template:R/superscript but is now raised principally for meat.[5]Template:R/superscript
History
The Sayaguesa was traditionally kept mainly for draught work; with the mechanisation of agriculture following the Second World War, this use declined.[6]Template:R/superscript In the 1960s there were successive attempts to improve productive qualities by cross-breeding with Friesian, Braunvieh and Charolais, and later with other breeds. From 1970 the Sayaguesa was included with other regional breeds under the denomination Morenas del Noroeste. In 1997 it achieved separate recognition among the breeds identified by the Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente, the Spanish ministry of agriculture, as "at risk of extinction".[4]Template:R/superscript Registration of the Sayaguesa began in 1980,[4]Template:R/superscript and in 1981 a breeders' association, the Asociación Española de Criadores de Ganado Bovino de Raza Sayaguesa, was formed.[7]Template:R/superscript In 1998 a genealogical herd-book was established.[4]Template:R/superscript
Between 1950 and 1981 the population of the Sayaguesa fell by about a quarter, or some Script error: No such module "val". head. By 2009 only about 450 head remained, on 29 farms.[4]Template:R/superscript At the end of 2015 the population was Script error: No such module "val"., of which almost all were in Castilla y León.[2]Template:R/superscript
Characteristics
The Sayaguesa is one of the largest indigenous Spanish cattle breeds. It displays considerable sexual dimorphism: bulls may weigh up to Script error: No such module "val". and cows up to Script error: No such module "val"..[4]Template:R/superscript The height at the withers averages Script error: No such module "val". for bulls and Script error: No such module "val". for cows.[8]Template:R/superscript
The coat is black, sometimes lighter on the underparts. There may be a paler dorsal stripe, often absent in cows. The inside of the ears and the area round the mouth are pale. The hooves, muzzle and natural openings are black, the horns are white at the base and tipped with black.[4]Template:R/superscript The head is relatively small, with a concave profile. Calves are born red, and only later turn black.[4]Template:R/superscript
The Sayaguesa is hardy, robust and frugal, and well adapted to the poor pastures and harsh environment of its native area.[4]Template:R/superscript
Use
The Sayaguesa was traditionally kept mainly for draught work; with the mechanisation of agriculture following the Second World War, this use declined,[6]Template:R/superscript and breeding was directed towards meat production.[4]Template:R/superscript Calves are slaughtered at an average age of 12 months; yield is approximately 55%.[9]Template:R/superscript
Pairs of cows may sometimes be yoked to carts for folklore or festival occasions.[10]Template:R/superscript
The Sayaguesa has been used in nature conservation and in attempts to re-create the extinct aurochs.[11]Template:R/superscript
References
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- ↑ Raza bovina Sayaguesa: Datos Generales (in Spanish). Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente. Accessed November 2016.
- ↑ a b Raza bovina Sayaguesa: Datos Censales (in Spanish). Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente. Accessed November 2016.
- ↑ Breed data sheet: Sayaguesa/Spain. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed November 2016.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Miguel Fernández Rodríguez, Mariano Gómez Fernández, Juan Vicente Delgado Bermejo, Silvia Adán Belmonte, Miguel Jiménez Cabras (eds.) (2009). Guía de campo de las razas autóctonas españolas (in Spanish). Madrid: Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino. Template:Isbn.
- ↑ Raza bovina Sayaguesa: Usos y sistema de explotación (in Spanish). Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente. Accessed November 2016.
- ↑ a b [s.n.] (23 November 1998). ORDEN de 30 de octubre de 1998, de la Consejería de Agricultura y Ganadería, por la que se crea el Libro de Registro Genealógico de la Raza Bovina Sayaguesa y se aprueba su funcionamiento (in Spanish). Boletín Oficial de Castilla y Léon 225.
- ↑ Origen e Historia (in Spanish). Asociación Española de Criadores de Ganado Bovino de Raza Sayaguesa. Accessed November 2016.
- ↑ Raza bovina Sayaguesa: Datos Morfológicos (in Spanish). Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente. Accessed November 2016.
- ↑ Raza bovina Sayaguesa: Datos productivos (in Spanish). Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente. Accessed November 2016.
- ↑ Raza Sayaguesa (in Spanish). Federación Española de Asociaciones de Ganado Selecto. Archived 15 July 2006.
- ↑ Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. Template:Isbn.
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