Satanoperca
Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox
Satanoperca is a small genus of cichlids from South America, where they are known from the Orinoco, Essequibo, Nickerie, Amazon and Paraná–Paraguay river basins.[1][2] They are mainly found in areas with slow-moving waters,[3] but some species have also been recorded from rapids.[4]
They are part of a group popularly known as eartheaters and feed by picking up mouthfuls of sand to sift out food items such as invertebrates, plant material and detritus (the only exception is mid-water feeding S. acuticeps).[3] They often feed in small groups and one individual may act as a watchman, which will charge an approaching piranha with its mouth open and fins erected. The Satanoperca in the group take turn acting as watchman.[3]
Satanoperca are up to Template:Cvt in standard length, but the smallest species reach less than Template:2/3 that size.[2] The species fall into two or three main groups: The S. daemon group (including S. lilith) are relatively large, and have a distinct dark spot on the tail and one or two dark spots on the side of the body. S. acuticeps is rather similar and variably placed in its own group or included in the S. daemon group, but it has three dark spots on the body and a differently shaped mouth. The remaining species are part of the S. jurupari group, which may have a small tail-spot and may have a poorly defined pattern of dark bands or blotches on the body, but always lack distinct dark spots on the body.[5][6][7]
Species
There are currently 9 recognized species in this genus.[1][2] Additionally, several undescribed species are known.[6]
- Satanoperca acuticeps (Heckel, 1840)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Sharphead eartheater)
- Satanoperca curupira Ota et al., 2018Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[7]
- Satanoperca daemon (Heckel, 1840)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Threespot eartheater)
- Satanoperca jurupari (Heckel, 1840)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Demon eartheater)
- Satanoperca leucosticta (J. P. Müller & Troschel, 1848)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Satanoperca lilith S. O. Kullander & E. J. G. Ferreira, 1988Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (One-spotted eartheater, Lilith's eartheater)
- Satanoperca mapiritensis (Fernández-Yépez, 1950)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Satanoperca pappaterra (Heckel, 1840)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Pantanal eartheater)
- Satanoperca rhynchitis S. O. Kullander, 2012Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Satanoperca setepele Ota, Deprá, Kullander, Graça & Pavanelli, 2022Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[8]
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
- ↑ a b Template:Cof genus
- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "Cite taxon".
- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".Template:Open access
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".