Sataf

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Two springs, Ein Sataf and Ein Bikura flow from the site into the riverbed below.

A monastery located across the valley from Sataf, i.e. south of Wadi as-Sarar, known by local Arabs as Ein el-Habis (the "Spring of the Hermitage"), is officially called Monastery of Saint John in the Wilderness.

Today it is a tourist site showcasing ancient agricultural techniques used in the Jerusalem Mountains.

History

Chalcolithic period

Remains of a 4,000 BCE Chalcolithic village were discovered at the site. The related traces of agricultural activities number among the oldest in the region.[1]

Byzantine period

Most ancient remains date to the Byzantine period.[1]

Mamluk period

The first written mention of the site is from the Mamluk era.[1]

Ottoman period

Sataf was noted in the Ottoman tax records of 1525-1526 and 1538–1539, as being located in the Sanjak of Al-Quds.[2] According to archaeological work, the village originated in the late 16th century, with the use of several cave−dwellings. Later, houses were erected in front of the caves.[3]

In 1838 it was described as a Muslim village, located in the Beni Hasan district, west of Jerusalem.[4]

In 1863, Victor Guérin found a village of one hundred and eighty people. He further noted that their houses were standing on the slopes of a mountain, and that the mountainside was covered by successive terraces.[5] An Ottoman village list from about 1870 counted 38 houses and a population of 115, whereby only men were counted.[6][7]

In 1883, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described Setaf as "a village of moderate size, of stone houses, perched on the steep side of a valley. It has a spring lower down, on the north."[8]

In 1896 the population of Sataf was estimated to be about 180 persons.[9]

British Mandate period

By the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Sataf had a population of 329; 321 Muslims and 8 Christians.[10] All the Christians were Roman Catholic.[11] The 1931 census lists 381 inhabitants; 379 Muslim and 2 Christian, in a total of 101 houses.[12]

In the 1945 statistics the population of Sataf was 540, all Muslims,[13] and the total land area was 3,775 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.[14] Of this, 928 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 465 for cereals,[15] while 22 dunams were built-up land.[16]

1948, aftermath

On July 13–14, 1948 the Arab village was depopulated by the Har'el Brigade, during Operation Danny.[17] Sataf and the surrounding area became part of the newly created State of Israel.

A short time after the 1948 War, a small group of Jewish immigrants from North Africa settled for a few months in the village area, calling it Bikura.[18] The village, which lasted only until the fall of 1950, was founded on the initiative of former Lehi commanded Natan Yellin-Mor.[18] Subsequently, the IDF's Unit 101 and paratroopers used the site for training purposes.[1]

In the 1980s the Jewish National Fund began the restoration of ancient agricultural terraces, and the area around the springs has been turned into a tourist site. A forest around the site was also planted by the Jewish National Fund.[19]

In 1992, Sataf was described as follows: "Many half-destroyed walls still stand, and some still have arched doorways. The walls of a few houses with collapsed roofs are almost intact....The area around the village spring, which is located to the east next to the ruins of a rectangular stone house, has been turned into an Israeli tourist site. A Jewish family has settled on the west side of the village, and have fenced in some of the village area."[17]

Shrine of 'Ubayd

The shrine (maqam) of 'Ubayd, southwest of the village site, contains a courtyard and three rooms.[3] According to Tawfiq Canaan, Sheikh 'Ubayd "is said to kill any goat or sheep who enters his cave."[20]

Gallery

References

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  1. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Toledano, 1984, pp. 280, 298. Toledano gives its location as 31°46′20″N 35°07′25″E
  3. ↑ a b Petersen, 2001, pp. 274−275
  4. ↑ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. 123
  5. ↑ Guérin, 1869, pp. 3-4
  6. ↑ Socin, 1879, p. 160 also noted it was located in the Beni Hasan District
  7. ↑ Hartmann, 1883, p. 122, noted 40 houses
  8. ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 22
  9. ↑ Schick, 1896, p. 125
  10. ↑ Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Jerusalem, p. 14
  11. ↑ Barron, 1923, Table XVI, p. 45
  12. ↑ Mills, 1932, p. 43
  13. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 25
  14. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 58
  15. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 104
  16. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 154
  17. ↑ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 317
  18. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Sataf from the Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center
  20. ↑ Canaan, 1927, p. 96

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Bibliography

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External links

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Template:Palestinian Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestine War

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