Saribus rotundifolius
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Saribus rotundifolius, also known as the footstool palm,[1][2][3] is a common fan palm found in Southeast Asia.[4] It is a member of the genus Saribus.[3][5]
Common names
It is called anáhaw or luyong in Filipino.[2] In Malay the palm is known as serdang daun bulat.[1]
Taxonomy
Saribus rotundifolius was first described as Corypha rotundifolia by the French Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in 1786.[6] It was moved to the Saribus genus by the German-Dutch botanist Carl Ludwig Blume in a publication issued in 1838 or 1839.[7] This move was generally not accepted by others in the field. In 2011, after DNA research, the reclassification from the Livistona genus to the resurrected genus Saribus was official.[5][8] The generic epithet Saribus comes from a local name in one of the Maluku languages, as recorded by the Dutch, sariboe.[9] The specific epithet means 'round-leaved' in Latin.[8]
Description
Saribus rotundifolius is a hermaphrodite fan palm.[1] The palm is evergreen, erect, and only grows having a single trunk ('solitary'). It grows at a height ranging from 15 to 25 metres,[10] exceptionally up to 45 metres tall,[1] and thickness of 15 to 25 cm diameter at breast height.[1][10] Its trunk is smooth and straight with a shallow rings of leaf scars.[10] The trunk is rather massive and tapering. It usually grows to Script error: No such module "convert". tall, but may rarely reach Script error: No such module "convert". tall. The young trees have a green crown. This species is seldom seen with a slight skirt of drooping, dead leaves. The sheaths are chestnut brown in colour.[8]
The palmately-lobed leaves are spirally arranged around the trunk. The petioles are long.[8][9] The entire leaf is some 1.2 metres in length. The leaf blade is entire in its centre,[8] and almost round in outline. It is regularly divided to about half of the length and 1.2 metres in diameter.[9] The leaf segments are forked, but not deeply, at their ends.[8] The leaf segments have one main nerve.[11]
The flowers are borne on an inflorescence with a long peduncle, about 0.9 to 1.2 metres long. The three-petalled flowers appear in bunches.[9]
The fruit is a fleshy drupe.[9] It is about 2cm in diameter,[8][9] quite round,[8] and coloured brick red as it ripens, ultimately becoming black when ripe.[8][9]
Distribution
The palm is native to Sulawesi and the Maluku Islands in Indonesia, and the Philippines. The native distribution stretches from Banggi Island in Sabah, Malaysia, off the north-east coastal tip of Borneo in the west, to the Raja Ampat Islands near Maluku off the north-west tip of Bird's Head Peninsula in Indonesia's West Papua province in the east. Its northernmost native distribution is in the Philippines.[12][3] It is abundant throughout the Philippines.[3] It has been introduced into the wild in Java, the Lesser Sunda islands, Peninsular Malaysia and Trinidad and Tobago.[12] It has also been introduced to India.[9]
On Java it occurs in the west and the central-eastern parts of the island. It is usually found as a cultivated plant, but already in the 1960s in some places it has escaped into the wild, becoming locally very numerous.[11]
Ecology
The lepidopteran caterpillars of the species Suastus gremius and Elymnias hypermnestra have been recorded using Saribus rotundifolius as a host plant.[13] The tree only flowers after it becomes very old. Its flowers are pollinated by bees.[9]
Uses
Saribus rotundifolius can be grown in humid, tropical areas. It is a common landscaping plant in the Philippines, and has been widely cultivated in Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Java and elsewhere, for a long time.[5][8][11] The fruit are quite attractive.[9] It is cultivated as an ornamental throughout Colombia.[12]
The leaves are used for the thatching of roofs and wrapping food. Overharvesting of the leaves of plants causes a reduction in leaf size. The leaves do grow faster after harvest but tend to be smaller.[4]
The foliage of the Saribus rotundifolius is the unofficial national leaf of the Philippines.[14]
Gallery
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Saribus rotundifolius in situ in Tangkoko Nature Reserve, Sulawesi
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Saribus rotundifolius in a pot
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Spines on margins of the petiole of a young plant of Saribus rotundifolius
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Saribus rotundifolius developing fruit
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Base of the trunk in Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Miami
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Trunk showing leaf scars in India
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However, the trunk is covered in persistent leaf bases for a long time
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The disintegrating frond bases on the trunk of the palm
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Conservation
This plant species is common and has been classed as 'least concern'.[3]
References
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