Sandy Island Beach State Park
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Sandy Island Beach State Park is a New York State park on the eastern shore of Lake Ontario. Its highlight is a Template:Convert natural sandy beach. The park is near the southern end of a notable Template:Convert length of sandy shoreline, coastal dunes, and wetlands (the Eastern Lake Ontario Dunes and Wetlands); a 1959 study noted that "The eastern end of Lake Ontario contains not only the finest beaches on the entire lake but also the finest wildlife habitat."[1]
The park's facilities include several lake swimming areas with lifeguards (in season), changing rooms and restrooms, and a concession stand; a parking fee is charged through the summer season. The park averages about 30,000 recorded visits each season.[2]
Prior to 2011, the park's area totaled Template:Convert. At that time, the adjacent Template:Convert Sandy Island Beach Unique Area was a conservation area administered by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. The Unique Area incorporated several additional acres of land near the park as well as most of the southern end of North Sandy Pond.[3][4] In 2011, administration and ownership of both the Sandy Island Beach Unique Area and the nearby Sandy Pond Beach Unique Area were transferred to the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation to be incorporated into Sandy Island Beach State Park.[5][6] As of 2014, the park covers a total of Template:Convert[7] in the Town of Richland in Oswego County.
"The hottest spot on the shoreline"
In the 1950s, Sandy Island Beach was opened as a private beach resort by LeGrande and Eva Smith. The resort became very popular. As Jack Major described it, "Overnight, Sandy Pond Beach – renamed Sandy Island Beach – became the place to go".[8] Ed Wyroba recalled that, through the 1960s, "it was the hottest spot on the shoreline. All our parents had gone there."[9] Following LeGrande Smith's death in 1966 and a decline in its popularity, the resort was closed in the early 1970s. The condition of the area deteriorated, which led to public discussions in 1976 of its possible purchase by Oswego County.[10] In 1980, Template:Convert of the resort were purchased from the Smiths by Ed Wyroba and Dyke Riggs. They reopened the resort in 1981,[9] and operated it until 1991.[11] In 1999, The Nature Conservancy stepped in to help protect the property. In partnership with Oswego County and the State of New York, the Central & Western New York Chapter of The Nature Conservancy acquired the remaining Template:Convert from the Riggs' heirs. The Conservancy then conveyed Template:Convert on the beachfront to Oswego County for a park; Template:Convert were purchased from the Conservancy by New York State for the Unique Area.[4][12] Oswego County operated the beach resort for several years and built a new bathhouse, picnic pavilions, and a boardwalk. In 2005, the County Park was transferred to the New York State Park system, which operates it.[13]
"The dune is moving"
North and south of Sandy Island Beach, the shoreline has high dunes that are up to Template:Convert higher than the level of Lake Ontario. Despite the fact that the high dunes are essentially pure sand, hardwood trees such as red oak and red maple grow on them.[14][15] The forested high dunes are one of the unusual features of the eastern Lake Ontario coastline. It can take 400 years for a hardwood forest to become established on a freshly formed dune.[16]
One high dune just north of the present boundary of Sandy Island Beach State Park is an example of the rapid changes that are possible in a sandy landscape. Jack Major wrote that "For many years the most popular spot on the beach was an open-faced sandhill that overlooked North Pond."[17] The topographic map from 1958 (see illustration and the annotation "lost sandhill") indicates that this dune was at least Template:Convert above lake level. In 1981, a "monster" dune was reported by a local newspaper as moving towards Sandy Pond.[18] The sandhill described by Major is much lower than it was in the 1970s; it has become a "low dune".[19]
Stable coastal dunes and sandhills are structures created by dune-building plants such as beachgrass and cottonwood trees. The loss of the high dune appears to have been the result of the destruction of its vegetation that occurred over the years, and in particular during the 1970s. At that time the area around Sandy Island Beach was privately owned, but wasn't staffed, occupied, or maintained.[10] In 1982, Dyke Riggs described the situation, "Bonfires fueled by trees on the beach and dune buggies, trucks and three-wheeled motorcycles careening around destroyed growth that holds the sand."[18]
Since 2000, the dune overlooking Sandy Island Beach was partially rebuilt and replanted with beachgrass by New York State.[19] At the nearby Sandy Pond Beach Unique Area, about 1–2 miles north of Sandy Island Beach, replanting has led to regrowth of low sand dunes.[20] Despite this success, natural regrowth of the full height of high dunes is thought to be unlikely. Robert Davis and Sandra Bonanno have written that "conditions no longer exist for the maintenance of high dunes - at least half of the high dunes at Sandy Pond have been reworked into low dunes since the time of the French traders."[21][22]
References
External links
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". The webpage is part of a larger website that describes one family's experiences at Sandy Pond over 80 years.
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- ↑ Oswego County real estate transaction records for parcel 027.14-01-01.2 (Unique Area) and parcel 027.13-01-01 (State Park). Online versions accessed 2009-01-26.
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- ↑ The eastern Lake Ontario high dunes are apparently relics of the era when the lake level was perhaps Template:Convert lower than at present, which is also the era in which the present ponds were river mouths. Presumably, there was much more blowing sand at that time, permitting the dunes to grow fairly tall. The amount of sand that blows annually onto the coastal dunes appears to be insufficient to feed the growth of high dunes.