Samuel Joseph Fuenn
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Check for clobbered parameters".Template:Wikidata image Samuel Joseph Fuenn (Template:Langx; 15 October 1818 – 11 January 1891),Template:Notetag also known as Rashi Fuenn (Script error: No such module "Lang".) and Rashif (Script error: No such module "Lang".), was a Lithuanian Hebrew writer, scholar, printer, and editor. He was a leading figure of the eastern European Haskalah, and an early member of Ḥovevei Zion.[1]Template:R/superscript
Biography
Fuenn was born in Vilna, Russian Empire, the son of merchant and Torah scholar Yitsḥak Aizik Fuenn of Grodno.[2]Template:R/superscript Though he received a traditional religious education until the age of 17,[3]Template:R/superscript he also acquired an extensive general knowledge of German literature and other secular subjects, and became proficient in Russian, French, Latin, Polish, and English.[4]Template:R/superscript He afterwards joined Vilna's circle of young maskilim.[5]Template:R/superscript
In 1848 the government appointed him teacher of Hebrew and Jewish history in the newly founded rabbinical school of Vilna.[6]Template:R/superscript Fuenn filled this position with great distinction till 1856, when he resigned. The government then appointed him superintendent of the Jewish public schools in the district of Vilna,[7]Template:R/superscript in which he introduced instruction in secular studies and modern languages.[8]Template:R/superscript Since Fuenn (Russian финѣ) was employed in the Russian civil service, there was a special feature for him as a Jew, he had to legally sign in Russian according to the applicable Russian laws. Excerpt from the text of the law § 6 The Jew of the Russian Empire in translation: "The use of the Jewish language is not permitted in legal transactions. However, Hebrew home wills are permissible. If a Jew who does not speak any language other than Jewish, a document written or signed in Hebrew must be accompanied by a translation and the signature duly notarized.[9]Template:R/superscript[10]Template:R/superscript
He was a prolific writer, devoting his activity mainly to the fields of history and literature.[8]Template:R/superscript With Eliezer Lipman Hurwitz he edited the short-lived Hebrew periodical Pirḥe tzafon ('Northern Flowers', 1841–43), a review of history, literature, and exegesis.[11]Template:R/superscript For twenty-one years (1860–81), he directed the paper Ha-Karmel ('The Carmel'; at first a weekly, but from 1871 a monthly), devoted to Hebrew literature and Jewish life, with supplements in Russian and German.[12]Template:R/superscript The paper contained many academic articles by the leading Jewish scholars of Europe, besides numerous contributions from Fuenn's own pen,[7]Template:R/superscript including a serialized autobiography entitled Dor ve-dorshav.[13]Template:R/superscript He opened a new Hebrew printing press in Vilna in 1863.[14]Template:R/superscript
Besides his scholarly work, Fuenn owned some property in Vilna, including a bathhouse on Zarechye Street.[15]Template:R/superscript He took an active part in the administration of the city and in its charitable institutions, and was for many years an alderman.[8]Template:R/superscript In acknowledgment of his services the government awarded him two medals.[4]Template:R/superscript He also presided over the third Ḥovevei Zion conference in Vilna, at which he, Samuel Mohilever, and Asher Ginzberg were chosen to direct the affairs of the delegate societies.[16]Template:R/superscript
Fuenn died in Vilna on 11 January 1891. He bequeathed his entire estate to his son, Dr. Benjamin Fuenn, his daughter having converted to Catholicism some years earlier.[15]Template:R/superscript After Benjamin's death, Fuenn's extensive library was added to the collection of the Template:Ill.[17]Template:R/superscript
Personal life
Fuenn was married off by his parents at a young age. His first wife died in 1845 while their daughter was still a baby, and his second wife died in the 1848 cholera pandemic, shortly after giving birth to their son Benjamin. He married a third wife in 1851.[1]Template:R/superscript
His niece was the Labour Zionist politician Manya Shochat.[18]Template:R/superscript
Work
Publications
<templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Two lectures (one delivered by the author; the other translated from German).[8]Template:R/superscript
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Chronology of Biblical history.[8]Template:R/superscript
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". A Russian language textbook.[19]Template:R/superscript
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". A history of the Jews and Jewish literature from the destruction of the Temple to 1170.[20]Template:R/superscript
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". A history of the Jews of Vilna, with an introduction by Mattityahu Strashun.[21]Template:R/superscript
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". A history of the Jews and their literature, in two volumes (the first dealing with the period extending from the banishment of Jehoiachin to the death of Alexander the Great; the second from Alexander's death to the installation of Simon Maccabeus as high priest and prince).[20]Template:R/superscript
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Selected letters of Hebrew stylists from Ḥasdai ibn Shaprut to modern times.[22]Template:R/superscript
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". A fictional narrative based on people from the time of the Geonim, translated a German work of the same name by Lehmann.[22]Template:R/superscript
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Hebrew translation of Moses Mendelssohn's Die Sache Gottes.[22]Template:R/superscript
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Hebrew adaptation of Lehmann's Graf und Jude.[22]Template:R/superscript
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Russian laws relating to conscription.[22]Template:R/superscript
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". A Hebrew translation of a German novel by Philippson.[22]Template:R/superscript
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". A Hungarian village tale by Hurwitz, translated from German into Hebrew.[22]Template:R/superscript
- Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1". Biographies of notable Jews of Crimea and Turkey in the 14th–15th centuries.[22]Template:R/superscript
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Essay on the value and significance of the Hebrew language and literature in the development of culture among Russian Jews.[22]Template:R/superscript
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Hebrew adaptation of Honigmann's Die Erbschaft.[22]Template:R/superscript
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". A Hebrew and Aramaic dictionary giving Russian and German equivalents for the words of the Bible, Mishnah, and Midrashim.[23]Template:R/superscript
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Biographical lexicon of notable Jews.[24]Template:R/superscript
Unpublished work
Fuenn left in manuscript form a treatise on Jewish law entitled Darkhei Hashem ('The Paths of God'), written as a response to Alexander McCaul anti-Jewish work The Old Paths.[25]Template:R/superscript Other unpublished works included Ha-moreh ba-emek ('The Teacher in the Valley'), a commentary on Maimonides' Moreh nevukhim; Mishna berurah ('Clarified Teaching') and Ḥokhmat ḥakhamim ('Wisdom of the Sages'), commentaries on the Mishnah; Ha-Torah veha-zeman ('The Torah and Time'), on the evolution of laws and regulations; Sum sekhel, glosses on the Bible; Pirḥe Levanon ('Flowers of Lebanon'), a collection of verses; and Bein ha-perakim ('Between the Chapters'), a commentary on Pirkei de-Rabbi Eliezer.[17]Template:R/superscript
External links
Script error: No such module "Side box".
- Works by Fuenn at the Template:Ill
Notes
References
File:PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Script error: No such module "template wrapper".
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Template:Cite EJ
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d e File:PD-icon.svg Script error: No such module "template wrapper".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Template:Cite JEBE
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "Authority control".
- Pages with script errors
- Pages with broken file links
- Pages with reference errors
- Biography with signature
- 1818 births
- 1891 deaths
- 19th-century lexicographers
- 19th-century Lithuanian writers
- 19th-century printers
- 19th-century historians from the Russian Empire
- 19th-century male writers from the Russian Empire
- Book publishers (people)
- 19th-century educators from the Russian Empire
- Hebrew-language writers
- Hovevei Zion
- Jewish educators
- Jewish historians
- Jewish lexicographers
- Jewish non-fiction writers
- Jewish scholars
- Jewish translators
- Jewish writers from the Russian Empire
- Lexicographers from the Russian Empire
- Literary historians from the Russian Empire
- Lithuanian Jews
- Lithuanian lexicographers
- Lithuanian literary historians
- Russian magazine editors
- People from Vilna Governorate
- People of the Haskalah
- Translators from German
- Translators to Hebrew
- Jewish writers from Vilnius
- German–Hebrew translators