Salvadoran Army

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The Salvadoran Army (Spanish: Ejército Salvadoreño) is the land branch and largest of the Armed Forces of El Salvador.

History

The Football War

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The Football War (also called The Soccer War or 100-hours War) was a term coined by Polish reporter Ryszard Kapuściński to describe a brief conflict between El Salvador and neighbouring Honduras. He argued that the war began after the rival nations traded wins during the qualifying round for the 1970 FIFA World Cup. But this event was not the cause of the war. Tensions had been mounting between both nations for several years because of immigration and economic problems, resulting on the war in 1969. The soccer matches incidents just one of several events that happened during that time. Longstanding tensions between the countries were heightened by media reports on both sides, each accusing the other of hooliganism and violence toward their own football fans. On June 26, 1969, El Salvador dissolved all ties with Honduras, the events were used as a call for nationalist pride for both governments and the media.

On July 14 Salvadoran forces began moving rapidly into Honduras following a series of border clashes. Their progress halted after the Organization of American States (OAS) and the United States brought heavy diplomatic pressure to bear on both governments in an effort to effect a cease-fire.

A ceasefire was ultimately negotiated and signed by July 18, with Salvadoran forces withdrawing from Honduras by August 2 following guarantees of safety for Salvadoran citizens in Honduras by the Honduran government.

The Salvadoran Civil War

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By the late 1970s, longstanding socio-economic inequality, human rights violations and the unwillingness of the National Conciliation Party dictatorship to address these problems led to the growth of a social movement. The government responded by assassinating thousands of political opponents and massacring students and protestors on several occasions. The heavy handed response of the government signaled to those identifying with the social movement that peaceful solutions were futile, which led to the growth of an insurgency.

On October 15, 1979, the military government was deposed by a joint military-civilian government calling itself the Revolutionary Government Junta of El Salvador (JRG). The JRG's policies were met with opposition from the military and economic elites and government repression increased, with tens of thousands of civilians being killed in 1980 and 1981 alone. This led to the formation of the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN), which brought on a twelve-year civil war. On MArch 24, 1980 Major Roberto D'Aubuisson ordered the killing of Archbishop Óscar Romero; on December 8, 1980 five members of the Salvadoran Army kidnapped and killed missionaries Maryknoll Sisters Maura Clarke and Ita Ford, Ursuline Dorothy Kazel, and lay missionary Jean Donovan under the orders of Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova and his cousin Col. Óscar Edgardo Casanova Vejar, the local military commander in Zacatecoluca,

The Iraq War

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File:An unidentified El Salvadoran special forces Soldier keeps a close eye on the borders of Camp Charlie in Al Hillah, Iraq, April 14, 2005.jpg
An unidentified Salvadoran special forces Soldier keeps a close eye on the borders of Camp Charlie in Al Hillah, Iraq, April 14, 2005. The Cuscatlán Battalion IV Soldier is helping support Operation Iraqi Freedom, which is being conducted mainly by Coalition Forces in Hillah.

Up to 380 Salvadoran troops of the Cuscatlán Battalion were deployed as part of the Coalition Forces in Iraq between August 2003 and January 2009. They operated alongside the elite Spanish Legion in Najaf. While in Iraq, the Salvadoran contingent suffered 5 dead, and more than 50 wounded.[1][2]

In 2006 the government of El Salvador approached the Israeli ambassador to El Salvador seeking assistance in modernising its army.[3]

Organizational structure

File:4th Infantry Brigade barracks (El Salvador).jpg
Barracks of the 4th Brigade.
File:Lanzamiento de las Fuerzas Especailizadas de Reacción El Salvador, FES. (25940842124).jpg
Salvadoran Special Forces

El Salvador is divided into 6 military zones, each of which has its own infantry brigade:

Furthermore, the army has the following units:

  • 1 Special Military Security Brigade consisting of 2 Military Police, 1 Foot Guards and 2 border security battalions,
  • 8 infantry detachments with 2 battalions,
  • 1 Engineer Command with of 2 battalions,
  • 1 artillery brigade with of 2 field artillery and 2 anti-aircraft battalions,
  • 1 mechanized cavalry regiment with 2 battalions, and the
  • Special Forces Command with 1 Special Operations Group, and 1 Anti-Terrorism Command.
  • 1 female soldiers battalion on the artillery brigade

Equipment

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Infantry weapons

Name Type Image Origin Notes
Handguns
P227 Semi-automatic pistol File:Sig Sauer P227.jpg Script error: No such module "flag". All its variants. Used by soldiers and special forces.
P226 Semi-automatic pistol File:SIG Sauer P226 neu.jpg Script error: No such module "flag". All its variants including the SIG Sauer X Six SIG P226 X Six. Used by soldiers and special forces.
M9[4] Semi-automatic pistol File:M9-pistolet.jpg Script error: No such module "flag".
CZ 75[4] Semi-automatic pistol, machine pistol File:Cz75.jpg File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic
92SB[4] Semi-automatic pistol File:Beretta 92FS left.jpg Script error: No such module "flag".
92FS[4] Semi-automatic pistol Script error: No such module "flag".
FN P35[4] Semi-automatic pistol File:FN Hi Power.jpg Script error: No such module "flag".
IWI 941[4] Semi-automatic pistol File:Jericho 941F.jpg Script error: No such module "flag".
G17[4] Semi-automatic pistol File:Glock 17-removebg-preview.png Script error: No such module "flag". Salvadoran Army's Special Forces and Anti-terrorist Command. Variants that are used: Glock 17, Glock 17C, Glock 17L, Glock 17MB, Glock 17M.
Sub-machine guns
Uzi[4] Sub-machine gun File:Uzi-nobg.png Script error: No such module "flag". Uzi submachine gun, Mini-Uzi.
Ingram MAC-10[4] Sub-machine gun File:MAC10.jpg Script error: No such module "flag".
MP5[4] Sub-machine gun File:MP5.jpg Script error: No such module "flag". MP5SD3, MP5A3, MP5A2, MP5, MP5A1
Carbines
CAR-15[4] Carbine File:USAF GAU-5A.jpg Script error: No such module "flag". Colt Model 933, XM177, GAU-5/A (Colt Model 610), XM177E1 (Colt Model 609), XM177E2 (Colt Model 629), Colt Model 653 (M16A1 Carbine), Colt Model 654 (M16A1 Carbine), Colt Model 654 (M16A1 Carbine), Colt Model 727 (M16A2 carbine), Colt Model 733 Colt Commando Carbine (M16A2 Commando Carbine Model 733 (single fire/full auto)), Colt Model 735 Colt Commando Carbine (M16A2 Commando Carbine Model 735 (single fire/three round burst)), Colt Model 723 "M16A2 Carbine"(M16A2 carbine Model 723). M16A2 SMG Model 635, XM177-E2 (Colt Model 629), Model 933, Colt Model 629, Colt 9mm SMG DOE (Model 633, US Car 15 Carbine (Colt Model 607), US XM177E1 (Colt Model 619), US XM177E2 GAU-5/A/B (Colt Model 639)).
M4 Carbine File:M4A1 ACOG.png Script error: No such module "flag". M4 Carbine, Colt M4A1, Colt M4 (original 1993 version), M4 (Colt Model 933), Colt M4 and Colt M4A1 (M16A2 sights, burst and full auto respectively)
HK416[4] Carbine File:HK416N.png Script error: No such module "flag".
Galil ACE Carbine File:IWI 3686.jpg Script error: No such module "flag". ACE 21, ACE 22, ACE 23 (5.56×45mm NATO), ACE 32 (7.62×39mm), ACE 52, ACE 53 (7.62×51mm NATO).
Assault rifles
M16[4] Assault rifle File:M16A2 noBG.jpg Script error: No such module "flag". XM16E1, M16A1, M16A2, M16A3, M16A4, M16A1 with A2 handguards. M16A2 (Model 701, 703, 705 (Burst fire/single fire)), Model 711, Model 715 and Model 720 (Burst fire/single fire)). M16A2 Light Machine Gun (LMG). Some M16A1's have M16A2's brass defectors, XM16E1. M16A2 (Model 645), some M16A1's (also with the A2 handguards) have the M16A2 hand-grip. M16A1 with A2 handgrip A2 brass defectors. Also M16A1 with M16A2 handguards have M16A2 brass defectors and M16A1 handgrip, M16A1 (enhanced), M16A2 Model 719.
HK33[4] Assault rifle File:HK33A2 Flickr (yet another finn).png Script error: No such module "flag". Including HK53 variant
FN FNC Assault rifle File:FNC IMG 1527.jpg Script error: No such module "flag". versions used: Standard" Model 2000 and Short" Model 7000, used by the Salvadoran Military Police and Paratrooper Battalion
T65[4] Assault rifle File:TwT65.JPG Script error: No such module "flag".
IMI Galil[4] Assault rifle File:Galil.jpg Script error: No such module "flag". Galil AR, Galil SAR, Galil SAR339, Micro Galil, Galil ARM.
IWI ARAD[4] Assault rifle File:IWI Arad.jpg Script error: No such module "flag". Arad 5.
AK-63 Assault rifle File:Izhevsk AKM.jpg Script error: No such module "flag". Used since 1992.
Steyr AUG Assault rifle File:AUG A1 508mm 04.jpg Script error: No such module "flag". Used since the 1990s by the Salvadoran Army Special Forces.
Colt Canada C7 rifle Assault rifle File:C7A1 with IronSights.JPG File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada Colt Model 715. Imported from Canada in the 2000s.
MPi-KM Assault rifle File:MPi KmS 72.jpg File:Flag of East Germany.svg East Germany Used since 1992 by the special forces.
AK-47 Assault rifle File:AK-47 type II.png Script error: No such module "flag". Used since 1992 by the special forces.
AKM Assault rifle File:AKM automatkarbin, Ryssland - 7,62x39mm - Armémuseum.jpg Script error: No such module "flag". Used since 1992 by the special forces.
Pistol Mitralieră model 1963/1965 Assault rifle File:Iraqi Forces Lead Air Assault Operations DVIDS185402.jpg File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania Recovered from gang members.
Battle and Designated marksman rifles
M14[4] Battle rifle File:M14 Stand-off Munitions Disruptor (SMUD) (7414626342).jpg Script error: No such module "flag". Used as ceremonial gun, still used in active service on the Salvadoran Army infantry divisions,
Heckler & Koch G3[4] Battle rifle File:Heckler & Koch G3 Kunststoffschaft Display noBG.png Script error: No such module "flag". G3A3, G3A4, G3KA4
Sniper rifles
M24 Sniper rifle File:M24-Sniper-Weapon-System.png Script error: No such module "flag".
M21 Sniper rifle File:Sniper Rifles M40 XM21.jpg Script error: No such module "flag". Used by the Salvadoran Army Special Forces.
Dragunov SVD Sniper rifle File:SVD Dragunov.jpg Script error: No such module "flag". Used by the Salvadoran Army Special Forces.
Barrett M82 Anti-materiel precision rifle File:Barrett-M82A1-Independence-Day-2017-IZE-048-white.jpg Script error: No such module "flag". Used by the Salvadoran Army Special Forces.
Light machine guns
Diemaco C7A1 LSW Light machine gun File:Danish LSV M04.jpg File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada Colt Model 715. Imported from Canada in the 2000s.
M249[4] light machine gun File:PEO M249 Para ACOG.jpg Script error: No such module "flag". First-generation M249 SAW, M249 Paratrooper.
FN Minimi[4] light machine gun File:FN MINIMI Standard Right.jpg Script error: No such module "flag". Minimi Para, FN Minimi.
General purpose machine guns
M60[4] General purpose machine gun File:DF-SD-02-01142 c1.jpg Script error: No such module "flag". M60, M60E2, M60B, M60C M60D. During the civil war some M60s were chopped from the front sights to give CBQ capabilities.
HK21[4] General purpose machine gun File:HK21.JPG Script error: No such module "flag".
FN MAG[4] General purpose machine gun File:FN MAG white background.jpg Script error: No such module "flag".
M2HB[4] Heavy machine gun File:PEO Browning M2E2 QCB (c1).jpg Script error: No such module "flag".
Grenade launchers
M79[4] Grenade launcher File:M79 Grenade Launcher (7414625716).jpg Script error: No such module "flag".
M203[5] Grenade launcher File:PEO M203A2 Grenade Launcher.png Script error: No such module "flag". mounted on M16 rifles (all variants), M4s, M4A1s and CAR-15s (all variants).
Grenades
M18[4] Smoke grenade File:US Marines 100520-M-9232S-012 M18 green smoke grenade crop.jpg Script error: No such module "flag".
M67[4] Grenade File:M67b.jpg Script error: No such module "flag".
Anti-tank weapons
RPG-7[4] Rocket-propelled grenade File:RPG-7 detached.jpg Script error: No such module "flag".
M72A2 LAW[4] Rocket-propelled grenade File:M72A2 LAW.png Script error: No such module "flag".
C90-CR (M3)[4] Rocket-propelled grenade Template:SPN
MANPADS
FIM-43 Redeye[4] Man portable surface-to-air missile launcher File:FIM-43 Redeye (Robot 69) 001.jpg Script error: No such module "flag".
SA-7 Grail (Strela 2)[4] Man portable surface-to-air missile launcher File:SA-7.jpg Script error: No such module "flag".

The Salvadoran Army/Navy/Marines/Air Force use the same kind of small arms types. It also uses telescopic sights, Aimpoint T2 Micro, Ohuhu OH-RG-SC Reflex Sights (panoramic sights), EOTech EXPS 3-0 sights, Barska Holographic Reflex Red Dot Sight, Ozark Rihno Tactical Sights, Trijicon MRO-C sights, EOTech 512..A65 sights, Vortex Optics StrikeFire II sights, Burrist Fast BFire3, Tasco Red Dot Sights, CVLIFE Optics Hunting Rifle Scope 2.5x40e red and green illuminated crosshair mount sights in every kind of assault rifle and rifle that all military branches of the Salvadoran armed forces use.

Vehicles

Note: Sources are circa 1988, while some equipment listed may no longer be in service.

Armored combat vehicles

Model Image Type Number Origin Notes
Combat vehicles
VCTA2
File:VCT A2.jpg
 Tank hunter 38 Script error: No such module "flag". created by the Salvadoran Military Forces
Armored patrol and scout cars
HMMWV
File:Hamer VS 1.jpg
 Light armoured car 50[6] Script error: No such module "flag".
Armored personnel carriers
M113[7]
File:Blindado M113 (Ejército brasileño) en.jpg
 APC 20 Script error: No such module "flag".
BMC Vuran
File:Kirpi.jpg
 Armoured Personnel Carrier/ Infantry Mobility Vehicle 11 Script error: No such module "flag".

Logistic vehicles

Model Image Type Number Origin Notes
Trucks
F-Series[8] File:JASDF Track（HINO RANGER） in Nara Base.JPG Truck 3+ File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan Part of a fleet of 45 new vehicles.
M35 truck[9] File:M35.jpg Medium cargo truck 45 Script error: No such module "flag".
M809 truck[9] File:Defense.gov News Photo 060409-A-0575B-024.jpg Heavy cargo truck Script error: No such module "flag".
MAN 630 truck[9] File:MAN 630 at Munster (2).jpg Heavy cargo truck Script error: No such module "flag".
Utility Trucks
D22[8] File:2016 Nissan NP300 Navara (D23) ST 4-door utility (2017-09-22) 01.jpg Pick up 22+ File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan Part of a fleet of 45 new vehicles.
2011 Ford Ranger File:2013 Ford Ranger (PX) XLT 4WD 4-door utility (2015-07-09) 01.jpg Light utility vehicle 37[10] Script error: No such module "flag".
CJ-8 Scrambler[7] File:Jeep SCrambler white SC-a.jpg utility truck Unknown Script error: No such module "flag".
Dodge M37[9] File:RAFBF 90th Birthday Air Show, East Kirkby - geograph.org.uk - 1440198.jpg Light utility vehicle Script error: No such module "flag". Mostly converted to Cashuats.[9][11]
Utility Vehicle
AIL Storm[9] File:Sufa 200804.jpg Light utility vehicle 38[12] Script error: No such module "flag".
Jeep J8[13] File:Jeep J8 IDET.jpg Light utility vehicle Script error: No such module "flag".
Jeep CJ[9] File:Jeep-CJ.jpg Light utility vehicle Script error: No such module "flag".
M151[9] File:AMG M151 A2 (1978) GB (owner Gavin Broad).JPG Light utility vehicle Script error: No such module "flag".

[9] [11] [7]

Artillery

Model Image Caliber Number Dates Origin Notes
Mortars
M19[12] File:M2-Mortar.jpg 60mm 306 Script error: No such module "flag".
M29[14] File:Mortar M29.jpg 81mm 151[12] Script error: No such module "flag".
M74[14] File:Mortar 120 mm M-75 Croatian Army.JPG 120mm Script error: No such module "flag". Kept in storage.
UB M-52[14] File:Teski minobacac 120 mm UB M52 2011 7242.jpg 120mm Script error: No such module "flag". Kept in storage.
Howitzers
M101[14] File:M101-105mm-howitzer-camp-pendleton-20050326.jpg 105mm 8[12] Script error: No such module "flag".
M102[14] File:M102-105mm-howitzer-fort-bragg.jpg 105mm 24[12] Script error: No such module "flag".
M56[14] File:M101-105mm-howitzer-camp-pendleton-20050326.jpg 105mm 18[12] Script error: No such module "flag". M101 copy produced in Yugoslavia
105/14 Model 56[15] File:Spanish-marines-man-105mm-howitzer-19811001.jpg 105mm 14 Script error: No such module "flag". Pack Howitzer
M114[14] File:USArmy M114 howitzer.jpg 155mm 6 Script error: No such module "flag".

Air-defence equipment

Model Image Caliber Number Dates Origin Notes
Anti-aircraft autocannon vehicle
BC7A1 File:VCT-A1 el salvador.png 20mm 4 Script error: No such module "flag". Armoured personnel carrier armed with two HS 404 20mm cannons. Also used as Anti-Air vehicle, created by the Salvadoran army.
M55 (Self-propelled)[14] 20mm 4 Script error: No such module "flag". Truck or half-track mounted M-55.
Anti-aircraft autocannon
Zastava M55[14] File:20 mm M55.JPG 20mm 31[12] Script error: No such module "flag". Hispano-Suiza HS.804 copy.
TCM-20[14] File:TCM-20-hatzerim-2.jpg 20mm 4[12] Script error: No such module "flag". Twin Hispano-Suiza HS.404s on towed pedestal mount.

[14][15]

Notes

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  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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Bibliography

  • Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

External links

Template:Armies in Latin America Template:Authority control

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