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File:Wa-map.gif Map of Namibia showing the Caprivi Strip in the country's northeast. A salient , panhandle , or bootheel is an elongated protrusion of a geopolitical entity, such as a subnational entity or a sovereign state .
While similar to a peninsula in shape, a salient is most often not surrounded by water on three sides. Instead, it has a land border on at least two sides and extends from the larger geographical body of the administrative unit.
In American English , the term panhandle is often used to describe a relatively long and narrow salient, such as the westernmost extensions of Florida and Oklahoma , or the northernmost portion of Idaho . Another term is bootheel , used for the Missouri Bootheel and New Mexico Bootheel areas.
Origin The term salient is derived from military salients . The term "panhandle" derives from the analogous part of a cooking pan , and its use is generally confined to North America.
The salient shape can be the result of arbitrarily drawn international or subnational boundaries, which serve to separate culturally unified peoples.[ 1] for Africa and the Western Hemisphere , after which post-colonial borders became based on colonial divisions.[ 2] [ 3] Central Asia .[ 1]
Salients may also arise when a national government shifts territory between subnational entities for internal political reasons, as with West Virginia's eastern panhandle during the Civil War .[ 4] Tibetan -inhabited regions in Maoist China, which were split between provinces and from the Tibet Autonomous Region .[ 5]
The location of administrative borders can also take into account other considerations such as economic ties ,[ 6] [ 7] topography . Even in these situations, however, salients frequently fail to follow clear and logical criteria, as seen with the partition of India and the resultant northeastern salient . Upon partition numerous majority-Muslim areas remained within Hindu India, and some non-Muslim-majority areas within the exclave of East Pakistan .[ 8]
Country-level salients Africa File:Cameroon - Far North.svg Far North Province of Cameroon File:Congo Pedicle map showing neighbouring Zambia.png A map of the Congo Pedicle Asia File:Chattogram in Bangladesh.svg Chittagong Division, Bangladesh File:India-locator-map-NE.svg Map of India showing the Seven Sister states in the northeast plus the smaller salient of Sikkim immediately to their west. File:Thailand South.png The 14 provinces of Thailand forming the salient of Southern Thailand. Europe File:Island of Ireland location map Donegal.svg County Donegal within Ireland, in darker green File:Limburg in the Netherlands.svg Limburg shown within the Netherlands South America File:Provincia de Misiones, Argentina.png Misiones Province within Argentina
North America Subnational salients The following locations are salients in First-level administrative subdivisions of nations.
Africa File:Niari in Congo.svg Location of Niari Department within the Republic of the Congo. The southeastern arm is the Kimongo District. File:Fatick in Senegal.svg Location of the Fatick Region within Senegal. Gossas Department is the northeastern arm.
Salient
Country
Tafraoui and Oran Province File:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria
Southwestern Saïda Province
Northeastern Bié Province
File:Flag of Angola.svg Angola
Western Mono Department
File:Flag of Benin.svg Benin
Eastern Kgalagadi District
File:Flag of Botswana.svg Botswana
Balé Province and Boucle du Mouhoun Region File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg Burkina Faso
Kouritenga Province , Centre-Est Region
Northwest Bujumbura Rural Province
File:Flag of Burundi.svg Burundi
Northern Muyinga Province
Kimongo District , Niari Department File:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg Republic of the Congo
Northwestern Wele-Nzas Province
File:Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg Equatorial Guinea
Sitti Zone , Somali Region File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia
Haut-Komo Department , Woleu-Ntem Province File:Flag of Gabon.svg Gabon
Upper Denkyira West District , Central Region File:Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana
Télimélé Prefecture , Kindia Region File:Flag of Guinea.svg Guinea
Northeast Mamou Prefecture , Mamou Region
Western Isiolo County
File:Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya
Eastern Al Wahat District
File:Flag of Libya.svg Libya
Southern Mzimba District , Northern Region
File:Flag of Malawi.svg Malawi
Eastern Dakhlet Nouadhibou Region
File:Flag of Mauritania.svg Mauritania
Boumdeid Department , Assaba Region
Southeastern Tete Province
File:Flag of Mozambique.svg Mozambique
Gossas Department , Fatick Region File:Flag of Senegal.svg Senegal
Southern Uvinza District , Kigoma Region
File:Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania
Babati , Hanang , Mbulu Districts , Manyara Region
Gokwe North and Gokwe South Districts , Midlands Province File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe
South America File:Guayas in Ecuador (+Galapagos).svg Guayas Province, Ecuador. Balzar and El Empalme Cantons form the northern arm of the province. File:Barinas in Venezuela.svg Venezuela's Barinas State. Andrés Eloy Blanco is the small western extension of the state, Arismendi is the larger eastern extremity. Páez, in Apure, lies immediately to the south of western Barinas.
Salient
Country
Southern Buenos Aires Province
File:Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina
Luis Calvo , Chuquisaca Department File:Flag of Bolivia.svg Bolivia
Sud Cinti , Chuquisaca Department
Whale Coast , Bahia File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil
Alto Parnaíba , Balsas , and Tasso Fragoso , southernmost Maranhão
Northern Mato Grosso
Ponta do Abunã in northwest Rondônia
Triângulo Mineiro , Minas Gerais
Arauco Province , Bío Bío Region File:Flag of Chile.svg Chile
San Antonio Province , Valparaíso Region
Urabá region, Antioquia Department File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia
Unguía and Acandí in northernmost Chocó Department
Santander Department northern tip
Santa Rosa and Piamonte in southeastern Cauca Department
Cotacachi Canton , Imbabura Province File:Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador
Western Cumandá Canton
Eastern Tena Canton , Napo Province
Balzar and El Empalme Cantons , Guayas Province
Northern East Berbice-Corentyne
File:Flag of Guyana.svg Guyana
Caravelí Province , Arequipa Region File:Flag of Peru.svg Peru
Northern Tapanahony , Sipaliwini District
File:Flag of Suriname.svg Suriname
Páez , Apure File:Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela
Western Andrés Eloy Blanco Municipality , Barinas
Arismendi Municipality , Barinas
Guajira Municipality, Zulia
North and Central America File:PanhandleMap-USA-states.svg Locations of panhandles within states of the USA Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".
Asia File:Lebanon districts Nabatiye.png Location of Nabatieh District within Nabatieh Governorate, Lebanon. File:Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in Tajikistan.svg Map of Gorno-Badakhshan within Tajikistan, showing the panhandle of Darvoz District in the west. File:South Sulawesi in Indonesia.svg South Sulawesi in Indonesia, with a panhandle of East Luwu Regency in the east
Salient
Country
Wakhan District , Badakhshan Province File:Flag of the Taliban.svg Afghanistan
Nawa District , Ghazni Province
Chishti Sharif District , Herat Province
Eastern Sarpang District
File:Flag of Bhutan.svg Bhutan
Tianchang , Anhui File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China
Maqu County , Gansu
Fan County and Taiqian County , Henan
Pingliang and Qingyang , Gansu
Daxing'anling Prefecture , Heilongjiang
Zhaotong , Yunnan
Koraput and Malkangiri districts , Odisha File:Flag of India.svg India
Pathankot district , Punjab
Kota division , Rajasthan
Southern Jhansi division , Uttar Pradesh
Wonogiri Regency , Central Java
File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia
Pacitan Regency , East Java
Mahakam Ulu Regency , East Kalimantan
South Jakarta , Jakarta Special Capital Region, and Depok , West Java
Tabalong Regency , South Kalimantan
East Luwu Regency , South Sulawesi
Ogan Komering Ilir Regency , South Sumatra
Pasaman Regency , West Sumatra
Semirom County , Isfahan Province File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran
Southwest Razavi Khorasan Province
Southern Yazd Province
Noda, Chiba File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan
Nose, Osaka
Ōra District, Gunma
Template:Ill (Wakasa ), Fukui
Wadi Araba Department , Aqaba Governorate File:Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan
Russeifa Department , Zarqa Governorate
Southwest Panfilov District , Chuy Region
File:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan
Chong-Alay District , Osh Region
Nabatieh District , Nabatieh Governorate File:Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon
Bandar Baharu District , Kedah,File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia
Northeast of Kuantan District , Eastern Pahang
South of Kemaman District , Terengganu
Gangaw Township , Magway Region
File:Flag of Myanmar.svg Myanmar
Thabeikkyin District , Mandalay Region
Eastern Achham District , Far-Western Region
File:Flag of Nepal.svg Nepal
Western Surkhet District , Mid-Western Region
Bannu , Karak , and Kohat Divisions , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ,File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan
Tiwi , Albay File:Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines
Northernmost portion of barangay San Isidro, Cainta , Rizal [ 9]
Northwestern Cagayan
Libis/Reparo, Santa Quiteria and Talipapa of southern Caloocan
Carmona, Cavite
Northeastern Ilocos Sur (roughly corresponding to its 1st district ),
Barangays Casile and Pittland, Cabuyao , Laguna
Santa Maria, Laguna
Las Piñas (Almanza Dos)
Eastern Maguindanao del Sur , Philippines (municipalities east of Sultan sa Barongis )
Carranglan , Nueva Ecija
Alfonso Castañeda , southern Dupax del Norte and Dupax del Sur , Nueva Vizcaya
Eastern Sultan Kudarat (roughly corresponding to its 1st district , excluding Isulan )
Zakamensky , Tunkinsky and Okinsky Districts , Buryatia
File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia
Katangsky District , Irkutsk Oblast
Kirensky , Mamsko-Chuysky and Bodaybinsky Districts , Irkutsk Oblast
Bikinsky District , Khabarovsk Krai
Trincomalee District , Eastern Province File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Sri Lanka
Al-Suqaylabiyah District , Hama Governorate File:Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg Syria
Chenggong and Changbin townships, Taitung County File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg Taiwan
Darvoz District , Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region File:Flag of Tajikistan.svg Tajikistan
Kim Sơn District , Ninh Bình Province
Template:Flagicon Vietnam
Nghi Xuân District , Hà Tĩnh Province
Western Dhamar Governorate
File:Flag of Yemen.svg Yemen
Europe File:Viken in Norway 2020.svg Location of Viken , Norway. The municipalities of Jevnaker and Lunner connect the former counties of Akershus and Buskerud File:Newmarket, Suffolk location.png Location of Newmarket (shown as red dot) within Suffolk, England File:Manche-Position.svg Location of Manche within Normandy, France
Salient
Country
Southern Gmunden , Upper Austria
File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria
Pancharevo , Sofia City Province File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria
Kuhmoinen , Pirkanmaa File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland
Parikkala , South Karelia
Pudasjärvi -Taivalkoski -Kuusamo , North Ostrobothnia
Ruokolahti , South Karelia
Varkaus , Pohjois-Savo
Gironde , (panhandle is around the Gironde estuary )File:Flag of France.svg France
Drôme (Montfroc )
Hauts-de-Seine
Meurthe-et-Moselle
Manche
Lower Franconia , Bavaria File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany
Amt Neuhaus , District of Lüneburg , Lower Saxony
Osnabrück District and City , Lower Saxony
Altenburger Land , Thuringia
Southeastern Mureș County
File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania
Southeastern Győr-Moson-Sopron County
File:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary
Northern Pest County
Clonlisk, County Offaly
File:Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland
Tullyhaw , County Cavan
Province of Rieti , Lazio File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy
Raseiniai District Municipality , Kaunas County File:Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania
Dieveniškės , Vilnius County
Rivierenland, Gelderland
File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands
Steenwijkerland , Overijssel
Viken File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway
Wschowa County , Lubusz Voivodeship File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland
Mourão , Évora District File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal
Mozdoksky District , North Ossetia–Alania
File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia
Priyutnensky , Yashaltinsky , and Gorodovikovsky Districts , Kalmykia
Western Chelyabinsk Oblast Template:Efn
Oparinsky , Podosinovsky , and Luzsky Districts , Kirov Oblast
Vorkuta District, Komi Republic
Negueira de Muñiz , Galicia (Spain) File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain
Aranjuez , Madrid (Spain)
A Mezquita , Galicia
Diessenhofen , Schlatt bei Diessenhofen , and Basadingen-Schlattingen , Frauenfeld District , Thurgau File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg Switzerland
Monthey District , Valais
Buckfastleigh , Teignbridge File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
Ceiriog Valley , Wrexham County Borough , Wales
English Maelor , Wrexham County Borough , Wales
Western New Forest District , Hampshire
Newmarket , Suffolk
North Cornwall , Cornwall
Stamford , Lincolnshire
South Staffordshire , Staffordshire
The area around Tring , Hertfordshire , which is itself bounded on one side by a salient of Buckinghamshire in the area around Pitstone , Ivinghoe and Dagnall
Ljig , Kolubara District File:Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia
Ljubovija , Mačva District
Bosnian-Podrinje Canton Goražde , Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina
Petrovo , Republika Srpska
Ravno , Herzegovina-Neretva Canton
Oceania File:Anetan in Nauru.svg Location of Anetan District within Nauru File:Timaru DC.PNG Location of Timaru District within New Zealand's South Island. The Waitaki District is parallel with it, a little further south. See also
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References
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