Šalčininkai
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Šalčininkai (Template:ErrorTemplate:Category handlerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Category handler; Template:Langx; Template:Langx Solechnik; Template:Langx) is a city in Vilnius County, in south-eastern Lithuania, situated south-east of Vilnius, near the border with Belarus.
Etymology
The name of the city derives from Šalčia river, šalta meaning cold in Lithuanian.[1]
History
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In the medieval period the region around Šalčininkai was dominated by Lithuanians and it was the birthplace of many authors of the earliest Lithuanian-language texts (including Stanislovas Rapalionis, Jurgis Zablockis and Template:Ill)Script error: No such module "Unsubst".. In 1420, Lithuanian-speaking Nicholas of Šalčininkai was born in Šalčininkai and in 1453–1467 he served as the Bishop of Vilnius, the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.[2]
In the late 19th century many of the local inhabitants mixed with the neighbouring Belarusians and called themselves tutejszy ("the locals"), while staying Catholics, they didn't assign themselves to a single ethnic group.
The region is known for its uncodified Belarusian[3] vernacular (also known as 'po prostu', meaning 'simply' or 'plainly')[4] and the city itself is considered the provincial centre of Polish culture in Lithuania (the urban centre being Vilnius).Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Šalčininkai attained the town status in 1956 and is now a capital of the Šalčininkai district municipality.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Demographics
According to the latest census of 2021, Šalčininkai had 6857 inhabitants and features a multi-ethnic population of 4930 Poles (71.9%), 920 Lithuanians (15.7%), 438 Russians (6.4%), 286 Belarusians (4.2%), 61 Ukrainians (0,9%) and 222 people of other background (3.2%). 12.2% of all inhabitants in Šalčininkai district municipality, according to the 2021 census were born abroad, while 87.8% were born in Lithuania. This was a decrease from 14.3%, recorded by the previous – 2011 census. Out of 34.5 thousand inhabitants in 2011, 3711 or 10.7% of all the inhabitants were born in Belarus, 728 or 2.1% in Russia.[5]
In 2000 coat of arms of Šalčininkai was adopted by a decree of the President of the Republic of Lithuania, designed by Arvydas Každailis, coat of arms consists of three hazelnuts symbolizing solidarity.[6]
Notable people
- Władysław Kozakiewicz (born 1950), Polish pole vaulter and Olympic champion
- Henoch Leibowitz
- Aaron Soltz
Twin towns – sister cities
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- Template:Flagicon Bełchatów County, Poland
- Template:Flagicon Hude, Germany
- Template:Flagicon Kadzidło, Poland
- Template:Flagicon Kaźmierz, Poland
- Template:Flagicon Kętrzyn County, Poland
- Template:Flagicon Łomża, Poland
- Template:Flagicon Łowicz, Poland
- Template:Flagicon Nowe Miasto Lubawskie, Poland
- Template:Flagicon Płońsk, Poland
- Template:Flagicon Radom County, Poland
- Template:Flagicon Stare Miasto, Poland
- Template:Flagicon Świdnik, Poland
- Template:Flagicon Szczytno, Poland
- Template:Flagicon Tarnowo Podgórne, Poland
- Template:Flagicon Warsaw West County, Poland
- Template:Flagicon Wolsztyn County, Poland
- Template:Flagicon Wschowa, Poland
- Template:Flagicon Żnin, Poland
References
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- ↑ Šalčininkų rajono miestų vardų kilmė ir kirčiavimas
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- ↑ "Jankowiak: Po prostu for me is just a synonym of Belarusian language" – Lithuanian Polish media article – an interview with the Polish linguist on "po prostu speech
- ↑ "A language which is not" – Lithuanian Russian tv series about the so-called Tutejszy phenomenon and an analysis of the speech by the linguist
- ↑ Population and Housing Censuses of Lithuania, 2011, 2021
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