Saint-Géry Island

File:Brussels 1837 Saint Gaugericus.jpg

Map of Brussels in 1837. Saint-Géry Island is highlighted in red, the Brussels Stock Exchange is superimposed in green. North is roughly to the right.

Saint-Géry Island (Template:Langx) or Sint-Goriks Island (Dutch: Template:ErrorTemplate:Category handler) was the largest island in the river Senne in Brussels, Belgium. It was named after Saint GaugericusTemplate:Efn of Cambrai, who according to legend, built a chapel there around 580.Template:Sfn It ceased to exist as an island when the Senne was covered over in the late 19th century, and a former covered market, the Halles Saint-Géry/Sint-Gorikshallen, was built in its centre. Since the late 20th century, this building has been rehabilitated as an exhibition space.

Location and accessibility

File:Goriks-eiland.jpg

Saint-Géry Island with the Church of St. Gaugericus, depicted in Bruxella, nobilissima Brabantiæ civitas (1695)

Saint-Géry Island's easternmost edge was located more or less due west across today's Boulevard Anspach/Anspachlaan from the Place de la Bourse/Beursplein and the former Brussels Stock Exchange building. The island was roughly round, and was originally centred on the Church of St. Gaugericus, then following the church's demolition in 1798–1802, on the Halles Saint-Géry/Sint-Gorikshallen, a former covered market, which has since become one of Brussels' trendiest districts.

Many streets and buildings in the area still bear the name /. On a small square between the / and the /, there is also still a dead arm of the Senne, the only part of the river in the city centre that is not vaulted. This neighbourhood is served by the premetro (underground tram) station Bourse - Grand-Place/Beurs - Grote Markt on lines 4 and 10.

History

Early history

According to local legend, Saint Gaugericus of Cambrai built a chapel on the island around the year 580;Template:Sfn hence the name Brussels, which derives from the Old Dutch , or , meaning "marsh" ( / ) and "home" or "settlement" ( / / ) or "settlement in the marsh". Starting in the 10th century, the church began to house the relics of the martyr Saint Gudula, who had died two centuries earlier, transferred there from Moorsel (located in today's province of East Flanders) by Duke Charles of Lower Lorraine. In 1047, these relics were transferred again by Count Lambert II of Leuven to the church that would later become the Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula.Template:Sfn

When Holy Roman Emperor Otto II appointed the same Charles to become Duke of Lower Lotharingia in 977,Template:Sfn Charles constructed a fort on the island. Past the island, navigation on the Senne was much more difficult, so it was a good strategic position. It had to defend not only the area, but also the western frontier of the Holy Roman Empire (to which the Duchy of Brabant, and thus also Brussels, belonged) against attacks by the French kings and their powerful vassals, the Counts of Flanders. This fort marked the birth of the City of Brussels, though the ruins have not been found. The island was also said to be once completely carpeted in yellow irises. Due to the island's importance, the iris has been a symbol of Brussels since the 19th century, and a stylised version is featured on the flag of the Brussels-Capital Region.

By the 12th century, the island was home to a high density of watermills, playing an important role in Brussels' growth as a commercial centre.Template:Sfn During the Middle Ages, the island also housed a large number of fishmongers, who would use the surrounding river to exchange the water in their fish reservoirs.Template:Sfn Fish were extremely important in the Roman Catholic city, as fasts prescribed by the church were rigorously obeyed. This ceased to be common practice even before the Industrial Revolution, as a growing number of tanners, dyers and other trades dumped their waste into the river, causing it to be unsuitable for storing fish.Template:Sfn

At the end of the 18th century, under the French revolutionary regime, the Gothic Church of St. Gaugericus (which had replaced the chapel) was razed, replaced by a fountain centred on an obelisk, dating from 1767, which had been taken from Grimbergen Abbey (in present-day Flemish Brabant). The square was an open-air market for the following century.

• The Church of St. Gaugericus in the 18th century (demolished 1798–1802)
  The Church of St. Gaugericus in the 18th century (demolished 1798–1802)
• Cartoon showing the Script error: No such module "Lang"./Script error: No such module "Lang". during the flood of January 1820
  Cartoon showing the / during the flood of January 1820
• Saint-Géry Island in 1867, before the covering of the Senne
  Saint-Géry Island in 1867, before the covering of the Senne

19th century–present

Around 1870, when the Senne was covered over, the island ceased to exist as an island and some of its eastern sections were demolished to make way for the modern bourgeois housing on the newly constructed Boulevard Anspach/Anspachlaan (then called the /). Plans were made to create a covered market to replace the open-air one, and in 1882, work was completed. The building, known as the (Template:Langx) was designed by the architect Template:Ill in the Flemish neo-Renaissance style. The interior, which still includes the old fountain-obelisk, has four rows of double blue stone stalls. The building's metallic structure is an outstanding architectural example of hall design, combining historicist architecture with new materials.

The Halles Saint-Géry prospered until after the Second World War, then, abandoned by traders, it was finally closed in 1977. Despite the building's designation in 1987 and several attempts at commercial or cultural reassignment, it took more than twenty years for the halls to benefit from a definitive rehabilitation as an exhibition space. Nowadays, the Saint-Géry area is well known for the many bars, cafés and restaurants in the vicinity, making it a popular nightspot in the capital.

• Construction of the Halles Saint-Géry/Sint-Gorikshallen, c. Template:TrimScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  Construction of the Halles Saint-Géry/Sint-Gorikshallen, c. Template:Trim
• The Halles Saint-Géry as it appears today
  The Halles Saint-Géry as it appears today
• Interior of the Halles Saint-Géry
  Interior of the Halles Saint-Géry

See also

• History of Brussels
• Belgium in the long nineteenth century

External links

• Template:Sister-inline
• Halles Saint Géry official homepage - Events calendar, Photo gallery, and more.
• ASBL Saint Géry - Neighbours and Businesses Association.