Saini

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "about". Script error: No such module "Distinguish". Template:Pp Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use Indian English Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Saini ({{errorTemplate:Main other|Audio file "saini.ogg" not found}}Template:Category handler) is a farming and landowning caste[1] of northern India. The community is given representation in government jobs and educational institutes as an Other Backward Class (OBC)[2] in the states of Uttar Pradesh,[3] Punjab,[4] Haryana,[5] Rajasthan[6] and Madhya Pradesh.[7] Sainis, like other farming castes of Punjab, play a dominant role in shaping the social and cultural life of rural villages. Their size, farming and political visibility, strengthens their position in local society.[1]

As both a statutory agricultural tribe and a designated martial race during the British Raj era that followed the Indian Rebellion of 1857, Sainis had been chiefly engaged in both agriculture and military service. Since the independence of India, they have diversified into white-collar professions.[8]

History

Mythology

The Sainis of Jalandhar and Hoshiarpur districts claim to be the descendants of kings of the Yaduvanshi or Surasena lineage who ruled these kingdoms, who came to these areas to avoid forced conversion to Islam.[9]

Academic

Gahlot and Banshidhar indicate some commonality in origin with Rajput Malis of Rajputana, who also claim to be of Rajput descent.[10]

British era

During the British period Sainis were classified as both a statutory agricultural tribe and, later, a martial race.[11] The latter was an administrative device based on the now-discredited theories of scientific racism: ethnic communities were categorised as being either martial or non-martial, with the latter being those who were thought to be unfit to serve in armies due to their sedentary lifestyles.[12][13] The community was also one of several peasant peoples who benefitted from the development of the Punjab Canal Colonies, through which they obtained land grants from the British authorities, especially in the Chenab Colony following the introduction of the Punjab Land Alienation Act, 1900.[14]

Some Saini landlords were also appointed as zaildars, or revenue-collectors, in various districts.[15]

Post Independence India

Castes similar to Sainis in north India are Koeri, Kushwaha, Maurya and Shakya. Over the time, these communities have come together and started inter-marrying among themselves for caste consolidation.[16]

Marriage

According to the Anthropological Survey of India, "The Saini are endogamous community and observe exogamy at village and gotra level." Remarriage after the death of a spouse is permitted nowadays, as is divorce.[17]

Notable people

Notable people who bear the name and may or may not be associated with the caste are:

Armed forces

Indian freedom movement

Religious and political leaders

Sports

Civilians with titles

Others

References

Template:Reflist

External links

  1. REDIRECT Template:Ethnic and social groups of the Punjab

Template:Rajput Groups of India

  1. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ "The members of Saini community are employed in business and white-collar jobs and as teachers, administrators, lawyers, doctors and defence personnel." People of India, National Series Volume VI, India's Communities N-Z, p 3091, KS Singh, Anthropological Survey of India, Oxford University Press, 1998
  9. ↑ "Surasena refers to an ancient region named after a Jadu raja who is believed to have lived before Krishna. Bayana (near Mathura) from where the Jadus ruled ..." Against History, Against State: Counterperspectives from the Margins, p 54, Shail Mayaram, published by Permanent Black, 2004
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ History of Hisar: From Inception to Independence, 1935–1947, p 312, M. M. Juneja, Published by Modern Book Co., 1989
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ People of India, National Series Volume VI, India's Communities N-Z, p 3090, KS Singh, Anthropological Survey of India, Oxford University Press, 1998
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ A Comprehensive History of India : The Delhi Sultanat, A.D. 1206–1526, pp 318, Kallidaikurichi Aiyah Nilakanta Sastri, Indian History Congress, 1957
  20. ↑ Agrarian Scene in British Punjab, pp 71, By Hari Singh, Published by People's Pub. House, 1983, Item notes: v.2, Original from the University of Michigan
  21. ↑ Pratap Singh, Giani, Gurdwara Sudhar arthat Akali. Lahir. Amritsar, 1975
  22. ↑ Surjit Singh Nanua, Saini Jagat (Utpati Ate Vikas), Patiala, 2008
  23. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  24. ↑ History of Hisar: From Inception to Independence, 1935–1947, pp 312, M. M. Juneja, Published by Modern Book Co., 1989
  25. ↑ Saini jagata utapati ate wikasa / Surajita Singha Nanua, pp 108, 109, pp 111, Patiala : Manajota Prakashana, ਪਟਿਆਲਾ : ਮਨਜੋਤ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼ਨ, 2008, DK Agencies DKPAN-5413 ( HBD )
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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