Sagittaria sagittifolia
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Sagittaria sagittifolia (also called arrowhead because of the shape of its leaves) is an Old World flowering plant in the family Alismataceae.
Description
Sagittaria sagittifolia is a herbaceous perennial plant, growing in water from Script error: No such module "convert". deep. The leaves above water are arrowhead-shaped, the leaf blade Script error: No such module "convert". long and Script error: No such module "convert". broad, on a long petiole holding the leaf up to Script error: No such module "convert". above water level. The plant also has narrow linear submerged leaves, up to Script error: No such module "convert". long and 2 cm broad. Panicled flowers are 2–2.5 cm broad, with three small sepals and three white petals, and numerous purple stamens.[1]
Distribution and habitat
It is native to wetlands in most of Europe (it is extinct in Spain) and Asia in Finland and Bulgaria, in Russia, Ukraine, Siberia, Turkey and the Caucasus.[2] It is also cultivated as a food crop in some other countries. In Britain it is the only native species of Sagittaria.[3][4]
Ecology
S. sagittifolia can be weedy or invasive according to the USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine. It also appears on state noxious weed lists for 46 states.[5]
Uses
The round tuber is edible. It is starchy with a bland flavour and a texture similar to a potato but somewhat crunchier, even when cooked. In Japan, it is known as Script error: No such module "lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) and its tuber is eaten particularly during the New Year.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". In China, it is known as Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "lang". and often used in winter hot pots.[1] In Vietnam, the plant's young petiole leaves and rhizomes are used for soups.[6]Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Remnants of Sagittaria sagittifolia have been found in the Paleolithic/Mesolithic site of Całowanie in Poland.[7]
S. sagittifolia is used in Chinese medicine,Script error: No such module "Unsubst". and in 2006 seven new ent-rosane diterpenoids and a new labdane diterpene were purified from the plant. Four of these compounds (Sagittine A–D) exhibited antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces naeslundii while another (Sagittine E) was only active against A. naeslundii (MIC = 62.5 μg ml–1). Recently, the same group identified five new diterpenoids from Sagittaria pygmaea. None displayed activity against A. actinomycetemcomitans, while four of the others were active against A. viscosus and three against S. mutans, of which 18-ß-D-3',6'-diacetoxyglucopyranosyl-ent-kaur-16-ene was the most active.[8]
References
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External links
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- Sagittaria
- Root vegetables
- Plants described in 1753
- Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
- Flora of Europe
- Flora of Russia
- Flora of Australia
- Flora of Siberia
- Flora of Japan
- Flora of Turkey
- Flora of China
- Flora of Vietnam
- Flora of Armenia
- Flora of Georgia (country)
- Flora of Azerbaijan
- Freshwater plants
- Edible plants