Saco River
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The Saco River (Template:IPAc-en Script error: No such module "Respell"., Abenaki: Sαkóhki) is a river in northeastern New Hampshire and southwestern Maine in the United States. It drains a rural area of Script error: No such module "convert". of forests and farmlands west and southwest of Portland, emptying into the Atlantic Ocean at Saco Bay, Script error: No such module "convert". from its source.[1] It supplies drinking water to roughly 250,000 people in thirty-five towns; and historically provided transportation and water power encouraging development of the cities of Biddeford and Saco and the towns of Fryeburg and Hiram.[2]
Samuel de Champlain sailed a portion of the river in 1605 and referred to it as Chouacoet, which he said was the name used by the Almouchiquois people.[3] Various sources also give their name as "Sokoki" (a term also used for the Missiquoi people of western New England) and as being either the ancestors or close relatives of the Pequawket who lived along the river near present-day Fryeburg.[4][5][6] William O. Bright attributed the origin of "Saco" to an Eastern Abenaki language word meaning "land where the river comes out", which he connected to similar place names like Saugus, said to come from the Pawtucket word for "outlet".[7][8]
Course
The river rises at Saco Lake in Crawford Notch in the White Mountains and flows generally south-southeast through Bartlett and Conway in Carroll County, New Hampshire before crossing into Oxford County, Maine.
Shortly after entering Fryeburg, Maine, the river branches into the "Old Course" Saco River and the more commonly used "Canal River". Constructed in the 1800s to be more convenient for farmers, the Script error: No such module "convert". canal is Script error: No such module "convert". shorter than the old course[9] and is now considered to be the official course for the river, as the upstream end of the old course is largely silted over. The two channels merge again near Lovell, Maine.
After running through six hydropower stations operated by NextEra Energy Resources (including Skelton Dam and Bonny Eagle Dam), the river enters York County, crosses under Interstate 95, and passes between Saco and Biddeford, where it is bridged by U.S. Route 1. It enters Saco Bay on the Atlantic with Camp Ellis in Saco on the north shore and Hills Beach in Biddeford on the south shore.
Stream flow
The United States government maintains three stream gauges on the Saco River. The first is at Bartlett, New Hampshire (Script error: No such module "Coordinates".), then in Conway, New Hampshire (Script error: No such module "Coordinates".), where the river's watershed is Script error: No such module "convert".. Discharge (stream flow) here averages Script error: No such module "convert". and has ranged from a minimum of Script error: No such module "convert". to a maximum of Script error: No such module "convert"..[10] The third is at Cornish, Maine (Script error: No such module "Coordinates".) where the watershed is Script error: No such module "convert".. Flow here averages Script error: No such module "convert". and has ranged from a minimum of Script error: No such module "convert". to a maximum of Script error: No such module "convert"..[11]
Attractions
The Saco is a popular recreational river, drawing an estimated 3,000 to 7,000 people per summer weekend, mostly on the stretch from Swan's Falls (a campground formerly maintained by the Appalachian Mountain Club and now maintained by the Saco River Recreation Council) to Brownfield, Maine.
There are many sand beaches along the Saco when not at flood stage, and camping is allowed along some of these beaches for free. Misuse, including large quantities of garbage left behind by users and illegal fires, as well as discourtesy toward landowners, has led many beaches to be posted and monitored. A permit is required from the State of Maine for campfires along any unposted river beaches.[12]
The Saco is a major attraction for canoeists. One area of the river, Walker's Rip, is a set of rapids that has caused less talented canoers to capsize, although it can be navigated successfully. Several canoeing rentals are available throughout the river's distance.
The Saco River is also famous for sport fishing, even though the number of fish in it has decreased tremendously throughout time.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Problems
Multiple violent and reportedly alcohol-related incidents in 2001 led to increased police patrols and efforts by livery companies, landowners, and government agencies to improve conditions.[13]
Major tributaries
Listed from source to mouth:
- Dry River (left)
- Sawyer River (right)
- Rocky Branch (left)
- Ellis River (left)
- East Branch Saco River (left)
- Swift River (right)
- Old Course Saco River (left)
- Shepards River (right)
- Tenmile River (right)
- Hancock Brook (left)
- Ossipee River (right)
- Little Ossipee River (right)
See also
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References
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- ↑ U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map, accessed June 30, 2011
- ↑ DeLorme Mapping Company The Maine Atlas and Gazetteer (13th edition) (1988) Template:ISBN maps 2,3&4
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- ↑ U.S. Geological Survey. 1:24,000-scale Digital Line Graph data.
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External links
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- EPA Saco River Watershed Profile
- Saco River Profile at MaineRivers.org
- Real-time flow data for the Conway, NH and Cornish, ME gages
- Saco River Corridor Commission
- Saco River Cleanup, an annual event sponsored by the Saco River Recreation Council
- "Popular river struggles with balancing act", Portland Press Herald, Aug. 11, 2002
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