STS-45
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STS-45 was a 1992 NASA Space Shuttle mission using the Space Shuttle Atlantis. Its almost nine-day scientific mission was with a non-deployable payload of instruments. It was the 46th Space Shuttle mission and the 11th for Atlantis.
Crew
| Position | Astronaut | |
|---|---|---|
| Commander | Template:Flagicon Charles Bolden Member of Blue Team Third spaceflight | |
| Pilot | Template:Flagicon Brian Duffy Member of Blue Team First spaceflight | |
| Mission Specialist 1 | Template:Flagicon Kathryn D. Sullivan Member of Blue Team Third and last spaceflight | |
| Mission Specialist 2 Flight Engineer |
Template:Flagicon David Leestma Member of Red Team Third and last spaceflight | |
| Mission Specialist 3 | Template:Flagicon/Template:Flagicon Michael Foale Member of Red Team First spaceflight | |
| Payload Specialist 1 | Template:Flagicon Dirk Frimout, ESA Member of Blue Team Only spaceflight | |
| Payload Specialist 2 | Template:Flagicon Byron K. Lichtenberg Member of Red Team Second and last spaceflight | |
| Member of Blue Team Member of Blue Team Member of Red Team Member of Red Team The astronauts were divided into a red team and a blue team to allow around-the-clock monitoring of experiments. | ||
| Position | Astronaut | |
|---|---|---|
| Payload Specialist 1 | Template:Flagicon Michael L. Lampton | |
| Payload Specialist 2 | Template:Flagicon Charles R. Chappell | |
Crew seat assignments
| Seat[1] | Launch | Landing | File:Space Shuttle seating plan.svg Seats 1–4 are on the flight deck. Seats 5–7 are on the mid-deck. |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bolden | ||
| 2 | Duffy | ||
| 3 | Sullivan | Foale | |
| 4 | Leestma | ||
| 5 | Foale | Sullivan | |
| 6 | Frimout | ||
| 7 | Lichtenberg | ||
Mission highlights
| Attempt | Planned | Result | Turnaround | Reason | Decision point | Weather go (%) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Scrubbed | — | Technical | Script error: No such module "sort". | High concentrations of liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen.[2] | |
| 2 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Success | 1 day 0 hours 33 minutes | T−9 minute hold extended due to weather concerns.[2] |
Atlantis was launched on March 24, 1992, at 8:13 a.m. EST. The launch was originally scheduled for March 23, 1992, but was delayed by one day because of higher-than-allowable concentrations of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen in the orbiter's aft compartment during tanking operations.[3] During troubleshooting, the leaks could not be reproduced, leading engineers to believe that they were the result of plumbing in the main propulsion system not thermally conditioned to the cryogenic propellants; the launch was rescheduled for March 24, 1992. Atlantis weighed Template:Cvt at launch.[4]Template:R/superscript[2]
STS-45 carried the first Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science (ATLAS-1) experiments, placed on Spacelab pallets mounted in the orbiter's payload bay. The non-deployable payload, equipped with 12 instruments from the United States, France, Germany, Belgium, Switzerland, the Netherlands and Japan, conducted studies in atmospheric chemistry, solar radiation, space plasma physics and ultraviolet astronomy. ATLAS-1 instruments included the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS); Grille Spectrometer; Millimeter Wave Atmospheric Sounder (MAS); Imaging Spectrometric Observatory (ISO); Atmospheric Lyman-Alpha Emissions (ALAE); Atmospheric Emissions Photometric Imager (AEPI); Space Experiments with Particle Accelerators (SEPAC); Active Cavity Radiometer (ACR); Measurement of Solar Constant (SOLCON); Solar Spectrum;[5] Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SUSIM); and Far Ultraviolet Space Telescope (FAUST). Other payloads included the Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SSBUV) experiment, a Get Away Special (GAS) experiment and six mid-deck experiments.
The mission was extended by a day in order to continue science experiments. The landing occurred on April 2, 1992, 6:23 a.m. EST, on Runway 33 of the Shuttle Landing Facility, located at the Kennedy Space Center. The rollout distance was Template:Cvt and Atlantis weighed Template:Cvt on landing.
Mission insignia
The mission insignia covers all aspects of the flight, by featuring Earth and the Sun, and the orbiter on high inclination, as to illustrate the high importance of the mission. The names of all flying members are included in the band, separated by stars. In the 'ring' at the bottom right, a single star is included, separating the unmentioned names of the alternate mission specialists, who are therefore indirectly included; a first and unique tribute to a support crew. Dirk Frimout is the first Belgian citizen to fly into space, and the only one to fly on a Space Shuttle (the other is Frank De Winne (who flies to the International Space Station via Soyuz as mission commander), as the Space Shuttle program was terminated at the time of the latter's flight), but to keep the focus on the mission, no national flag is added nor the customary logo of the European Space Agency (ESA), but the mission main objective, ATLAS, is included below instead.
See also
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- List of human spaceflights
- List of Space Shuttle missions
- Nikon NASA F4
- Outline of space science
- Space Shuttle
References
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- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
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External links
- STS-45 Video Highlights Script error: No such module "webarchive".
- NASA mission summary Script error: No such module "webarchive".
- STS-45 Amateur Radio Contact with Harrogate Ladies' College in 1992.
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