SM U-86
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SM U-86 was a Type U 81 submarine manufactured in the Germaniawerft, Kiel shipyard for the German Empire during World War I.[4]
On 27 June 1918, under the command of Lieutenant Helmut Patzig, U-86 sank the Canadian hospital ship Template:HMHS off the coast of Ireland, in violation of international law and standing orders of the Imperial German Navy. When the crew took to the lifeboats, U-86 surfaced, ran down all the lifeboats except one, and shot at the people in the water. Only the 24 people in the remaining lifeboat survived. They were rescued shortly afterwards and testified as to what had happened. The 234 others on board Llandovery Castle were lost, including fourteen nursing sisters.[5]
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".,[6] the former Hamburg America ocean liner SS Cincinnati, was torpedoed by U-86 on 1 July 1918 and sank the next day.[7] Covington was the 17th largest ship sunk or damaged by U-boats during the war.[4]
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After the war, the captain of U-86 Helmut Patzig, and two of his lieutenants were arraigned for trial on war crimes, but Patzig fled to the Free City of Danzig, and his trial was stopped on 20 March 1931 by virtue of the Laws of Amnesty. Lieutenants Ludwig Dithmar and Johan Boldt were convicted and sentenced to four years in prison; they were released after four months.
Design
Type U 81 submarines were preceded by the shorter Type UE I submarines. U-86 had a displacement of Script error: No such module "convert". when at the surface and Script error: No such module "convert". while submerged.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". She had a total length of Script error: No such module "convert"., a pressure hull length of Script error: No such module "convert"., a beam of Script error: No such module "convert"., a height of Script error: No such module "convert"., and a draught of Script error: No such module "convert".. The submarine was powered by two Script error: No such module "convert". engines for use while surfaced, and two Script error: No such module "convert". engines for use while submerged. She had two propeller shafts. She was capable of operating at depths of up to Script error: No such module "convert"..Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of Script error: No such module "convert". and a maximum submerged speed of Script error: No such module "convert"..Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". When submerged, she could operate for Script error: No such module "convert". at Script error: No such module "convert".; when surfaced, she could travel Script error: No such module "convert". at Script error: No such module "convert".. U-86 was fitted with six Script error: No such module "convert". torpedo tubes (four at the bow and two at the stern), twelve to sixteen torpedoes, and one Script error: No such module "convert". SK L/45 deck gun (from 1917). She had a complement of thirty-five (thirty-one crew members and four officers).Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Fate
U-86 was surrendered to the Allies at Harwich on 21 November 1918 in accordance with the requirements of the Armistice with Germany. Exhibited at Bristol in December 1918, along with UC-92, visitors could pay to go on board with proceeds going to charity. She was then laid up at Portsmouth until scuttled in the English Channel on 30 June 1921.[8]
Summary of raiding history
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References
Notes
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- ↑ Merchant ship tonnages are in gross register tons. Military vessels are listed by tons displacement.
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Citations
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- ↑ Llandovery Castle at red-duster.co.uk Script error: No such module "webarchive".
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Bibliography
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External links
- Canadian report on loss of Llandovery Castle Script error: No such module "webarchive".
Template:German Type U 81 submarines Template:1921 shipwrecks Script error: No such module "Coordinates".