Rundbogenstil

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File:Uni KA Portal.jpg
Entrance to the main building of Karlsruhe Polytechnic (Heinrich Hübsch, 1833–35)
File:Catedral de Speyer, Alemania, 2014-06-01, DD 04.JPG
West facade of the Speyer Cathedral (1030–1061), rebuilt 1854–58 by Heinrich Hübsch
File:Carrie Pierce House, Pinckney Street and Gilman Street, Mansion Hill, Madison, WI.jpg
Carrie Pierce House in Madison, Wisconsin (August Kutzbock and Samuel Donnel, 1857)
File:Dr. George Keenan House, Gilman Street and Pinckney Street, Mansion Hill, Madison, WI - 52763318025.jpg
Van Slyke / Keenan House in Madison, Wisconsin (August Kutzbock, 1858)
File:Gates of Heaven Synagogue 2012.jpg
Gates of Heaven Synagogue in Madison, Wisconsin (August Kutzbock, 1863)
File:Temple Israel in Lafayette front.jpg
Temple Israel in Lafayette, Indiana (1867)
File:Temple Emanu-El Milwaukee.jpg
Temple Emanu-El in Milwaukee, Wisconsin (1872)
File:Maghen Abraham Synagogue (side).JPG
Maghen Abraham Synagogue in Beirut, Lebanon (1925)
File:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover IMG 5211.jpg
Leibniz University in Hanover, Germany (1857–66), southern facade
File:Welfenschloss Nordseite.jpg
Leibniz University Hanover, northern facade
File:Smithsonian Building NR.jpg
Smithsonian Institution (Washington, D.C.) (1849–55)
File:Franklin School, Washington, D.C.jpg
Franklin School (Washington, D.C.) (1869)

Script error: No such module "Lang". (round-arch style) is a 19th-century historic revival style of architecture popular in the German-speaking lands and the German diaspora. It combines elements of Byzantine, Romanesque, and Renaissance architecture with particular stylistic motifs.[1] It forms a German branch of Romanesque Revival architecture sometimes used in other countries.

History and description

The style was the deliberate creation of German architects seeking a German national style of architecture, particularly Heinrich Hübsch (1795–1863).[2][3][4] It emerged in Germany as a response to and reaction against the neo-Gothic style that had come to the fore in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. By adopting the smooth facade of late antique and medieval church architecture, it aimed to extend and develop the noble simplicity and quiet grandeur of neo-classicism, while moving in a direction more suited to the rise of industrialism and the emergence of German nationalism. Hallmarks of the style, in addition to the rounded arches from which it takes its name, include "eyebrows" over the windows and inverted crenelation under the eaves.

Script error: No such module "Lang". was employed for a number of railway stations, including those in Berlin, Karlsruhe, Leipzig, Munich, Tübingen, and Völklingen. These were typically "first-generation" stations (built between 1835 and 1870); some were razed to be replaced by larger buildings. Those in Berlin, Tübingen, Königs Wusterhausen, Crimmitschau, and Hersfeld are still extant, while the Bavarian station in Leipzig is partially preserved.

Script error: No such module "Lang". was widely adopted in Central European synagogue design of the late nineteenth century. The first in this style was the Kassel Synagogue designed by Albrecht Rosengarten, a member of the Jewish congregation in Kassel, Electorate of Hesse, and completed in 1839.[5] An early example in the United States is the Gates of Heaven Synagogue in Madison, Wisconsin, built in 1863 and designed by August Kutzbock, an immigrant from Bremen, Germany. Kutzbock also (co)designed secular buildings employing Script error: No such module "Lang"., such as the Carrie Pierce House (1857) and the Van Slyke/Keenan House (1858) in Madison.

Script error: No such module "Lang". architecture was influential in England, with Alfred Waterhouse's buildings for what is now called the Natural History Museum (originally the British Museum Natural History Collection) in London showing a direct and self-conscious emulation of the style.[6]

Script error: No such module "Lang". German synagogues

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Script error: No such module "Lang".-influenced architecture in England

Script error: No such module "Lang". in Belgium

The Rundbogenstil was also widely employed in Belgium, for public buildings as well as for churches. A keen promotor of Neoclassicism and the Rundbogenstil in Belgium was architect Lodewijk Roelandt (1786–1864), who lived in the city of Ghent. Among his achievements in Rundbogenstil are St Anne's Church (Sint-Annakerk (Gent)), the riding school Arena Van Vletingen, both in Ghent, and the Onze-Lieve-Vrouw-van-Bijstand-der-Christenenkerk (Sint-Niklaas) at Sint-Niklaas.

See also

References

Notes

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  1. ↑ Strauss, Gerhard & Olbrich, Harald: "Eintrag Rundbogenstil." Lexikon der Kunst. Architektur, bildende Kunst, angewandte Kunst, Industrieformgestaltung, Kunsttheorie. (in German.) Leipzig: Seemann. Band 6, p. 293 ff.
  2. ↑ Bergdoll, Barry, European Architecture, 1750-1890, Oxford, 2000, pp. 184-9
  3. ↑ Kathleen Curran, The Romanesque Revival: Religion, Politics, and Transnational Exchange, Penn State Press, 2003, p. 1 ff.
  4. ↑ James Stevens Curl, "Rundbogenstil", A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, 2000, Encyclopedia.com [1]
  5. ↑ Rachel Wischnitzer, The Architecture of the European Synagogue, Philadelphia: JPS, 1964, pp. 197-8
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

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