Roxas Boulevard

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Roxas Boulevard is a popular waterfront promenade in Metro Manila in the Philippines. The boulevard, which runs along the shores of Manila Bay, is well known for its sunsets and stretch of coconut trees. The divided roadway has become a trademark of Philippine tourism, famed for its yacht club, hotels, restaurants, commercial buildings and parks.

The boulevard was completed in the 1910s. Originally called Cavite Boulevard,[1][2] it was renamed Dewey Boulevard in honor of the American admiral George Dewey, whose forces defeated the Spanish navy in the Battle of Manila Bay in 1898, Heiwa Boulevard in late 1941 during the Japanese occupation,[3] and finally Roxas Boulevard in 1963 in honor of Manuel Roxas, the fifth president of the Philippines.[4] It was also designated as a new alignment of the Manila South Road that connects Manila to the southern provinces of Luzon.[5]

The boulevard is also an eight-lane major arterial road in Metro Manila designated as Radial Road 1 (R-1) of Manila's arterial road network, National Route 61 (N61), the shortest primary route in the Philippines, National Route 120 (N120) of the Philippine highway network and a spur of Asian Highway 26 (AH26). The arcing road runs north–south from Luneta in Manila to Parañaque at the intersection of MIA Road and Seaside Drive of the reclaimed area of Entertainment City beneath the elevated NAIA Expressway.[6] Beyond its southern terminus is the Manila–Cavite Expressway (E3), also formerly known as the Coastal Road, and now more popularly, CAVITEX.

History

File:Cavite Boulevard sketch by Burnham.jpg
Daniel Burnham's plan of the sea boulevard from Manila to Cavite

City Beautiful movement

Cavite Boulevard was part of Architect Daniel Burnham's plan to beautify the city of Manila.[7] At the request of Commissioner William Cameron Forbes, Burnham visited the country in 1905 at the height of the City Beautiful movement, a trend in the early 1900s in America to make cities beautiful along scientific lines, for the future urban development of Manila and Baguio.[8]

Original concept

File:Construction of Cavite Boulevard, 1912.jpg
Construction of Cavite Boulevard, 1912
File:Philippine Island - Manila - NARA - 68156719.jpg
Aerial view of Dewey Boulevard, 1931

According to Burnham's original concept of the Cavite Boulevard, the bayfront from the Luneta southward should be a continuous parkway, extending with time to the Cavite Navy Yard about Script error: No such module "convert". away. This boulevard, about Script error: No such module "convert". in width, with roadways, tramways, bridle paths, rich plantations, and broad sidewalks, should be available for all classes of people in all sorts of conveyances, and so well-shaded with coconut palms, bamboo, and mangoes as to furnish protection from the elements at all times.

"In order to make the boulevard presentable and useful as soon as possible, a quick-growing tree like the acacia might be planted, alternating with the trees of slower growth, and be replaced after the latter attain their growth. The boulevard's seaward side should be planted so as to interrupt occasionally the view of the sea and, by thus adding somewhat of mystery, enhance the value of the stretch of ocean and sky. The boulevard would be on reclaimed land to about as far south as the old Fort San Antonio Abad in Malate, beyond which it strikes the beach and follows the shoreline to Cavite. The possible extension of the ocean boulevard along the north shore would naturally depend upon the development of the town in that direction and upon the question of additional harbor works north of the Pasig River."[8]

During World War II, the boulevard served as a runway of its namesake airfield.[9][10] During the 1945 Battle of Manila, however, the Japanese forces cut down palm trees along the boulevard to convert it into an improvised runway.

Contemporary history

In 1992, flyovers crossing intersecting roads along the boulevard, such as the Roxas Boulevard–Gil Puyat Flyover and Roxas Boulevard–EDSA Flyover, were opened.[11]

On May 13, 2024, Manila Mayor Honey Lacuña signed Ordinance No. 9047 to make Roxas the boulevard's starting point (Padre Burgos Avenue/Katigbak Parkway) to Quirino Avenue section car-free every early Sunday morning starting May 26, 2024.[12]

Route description

Roxas Boulevard starts at the junction with Katigbak Parkway and Padre Burgos Avenue at Rizal Park in Manila as a continuation of Bonifacio Drive. The road passes through many tall buildings, restaurants, banks, monuments, and other establishments as it curves along Manila Bay. The United States Embassy is located near Rizal Park. A kilometer south are the headquarters of Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) and Philippine Navy in the Malate district of Manila. After the BSP building, the boulevard enters Pasay, passing through the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP Complex) and Star City. It then intersects with Gil Puyat Avenue and Jose W. Diokno Boulevard, where it ascends through the Gil Puyat Flyover. It then parallels Macapagal Boulevard. It ascends again to intersect Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA) through the flyover of the same name; there, the route number transitions from N120/AH26, a secondary road, to N61, a primary road. A few meters after passing EDSA, it enters Parañaque, continues into a straight route until it ends on an intersection with MIA Road and Seaside Drive, where the road continues south as the Manila–Cavite Expressway (CAVITEX/E3), which is also known as Coastal Road.

Landmarks

File:RizalParkjf8445 06.JPG
The historic Rizal Park marks the northern end of the boulevard.
File:Roxas Boulevard (Manila; 01-30-2021).jpg
The Malate section of Roxas Boulevard is famous for Baywalk and Plaza Rajah Sulayman.
File:WTMP Team Waka Waka A-29.JPG
Former state of Manila's Baywalk along Roxas Boulevard - most of the stretch is now fenced off and only for walking, except the Manila Bay Dolomite Beach

This list is ordered from north to south:

Manila

Pasay

Parañaque

Intersections

File:Roxas Boulevard Aerial.jpg
Roxas Boulevard facing south, showing the Manila Yacht Club and the Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex. The Manila Grand Boulevard Hotel has since been demolished.
File:Roxas Boulevard - EDSA Ext fly-over (Pasay)(2017-12-31).jpg
Facing north towards EDSA–Roxas Boulevard intersection in Pasay, where the boulevard transitions its route number between N61 and AH26/N120

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See also

References

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  1. ↑ "United States Congressional serial set, Issue 5280 - Act no. 1745, Section 2a", pg. 417. Government Printing Office, Washington.
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  6. ↑ "Intersection of Roxas Blvd. and NAIA Rd". Google Maps. Retrieved on June 5, 2011.
  7. ↑ (1910). "Report of the Philippine Commission to the Secretary of War", pg.68. Government Printing Office, Washington.
  8. ↑ a b (1907-03). "Far Eastern Review - Details and Description of the Burnham Plans for the Reconstruction of Manila", pg.322. Google Books. Retrieved on April 13, 2012.
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External links

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Template:Philippine highway network Template:Road infrastructure in Manila

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