River Bewl
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The River Bewl is a tributary of the River Teise in Kent, England. Its headwaters are in the High Weald, in Sussex between Lamberhurst, Wadhurst and Flimwell. The valley is deeply incised into Tunbridge Wells red sandstone, with a base of alluvium on Wadhurst clay.[1]
Between 1973 and 1975, a Script error: No such module "convert". was built across the Bewl valley, cutting off the headwaters. This formed Bewl Water, a Script error: No such module "convert"., with a surface area of Script error: No such module "convert".. In times of good flow, water is extracted from the River Medway at Yalding and pumped through pipes into Bewl Water, where it is stored for times of heavy water demand.
The River Bewl passes under the A21 road and by Scotney Castle. At Finchcocks it enters the River Teise.
Watermills
The River Bewl and its tributaries powered a number of watermills. From source to mouth they were:-
Dunsters Mill, Ticehurst
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The site of this watermill now lies in the middle of Bewl Water. It was one of those very rare watermills that was an overdrift mill, with the millstones driven from above. This arrangement is more commonly found in windmills. When Bewl Water was built, the fourteenth century Mill House was dismantled and re-erected at Three Legged Cross, Wadhurst.
The overshot waterwheel was some Script error: No such module "convert". diameter by Script error: No such module "convert". wide and was carried on a wooden axle. it drove a cast iron pit wheel Script error: No such module "convert". diameter with 112 wooden cogs. A Script error: No such module "convert". square cast iron layshaft was driven which powered at least two pairs of millstones.[2][3]
Chingley Forge, Goudhurst
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The site of this ancient forge mill is now covered by the dam of Bewl Water. Chingley forge was built sometime between 1574 and 1589, when Richard Ballard was the tenant of Thomas Darell. Edward Pelham and James Thatcher bought the forge c.1595. In 1637 the forge was leased to Henry Darell. The forge seems to have been disused in 1653 and 1664, but was at work in 1717, producing 46 tons of iron in that year. It was marked on Budgen's map of 1724 and in 1726 the tenant was John Legas. The dam has been recorded as Script error: No such module "convert". long.[4][5][6][7][8][9][10]
Chingley Furnace, Goudhurst
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The site of this ancient blast furnace is now covered by the dam of Bewl Water. It was in the Culpeper family in the sixteenth century, Thomas Collepepper holding lands in Chingley in fief from Henry VIII in 1544. The land had formerly been in the ownership of the Abbey of Boxley, which had been dissolved. The furnace was built between 1558 and 1565. In 1574 it was in the possession of Thomas Darell and the tenant was Thomas Dyke. It was sold by Edward Culpeper in 1595. In 1597 Thomas Dyke of Pembury leased Chingley Furnace to Richard Ballard of Wadhurst, and his sons Thomas and Richard. The forge was powered by an undershot waterwheel. The sites were excavated in 1968/9 by the Wealden Iron Research Group. There is evidence that Chingley Forge was a hammer mill at some time, possibly as early as the first half of the thirteenth century. The dam was recorded as Script error: No such module "convert". long and Script error: No such module "convert". high.[4][5][6][7][8][9][10] When the site was excavated in 1970, the remains of an overshot waterwheel Script error: No such module "convert". diameter and Script error: No such module "convert". wide were found.[11]
References
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ BBC
- ↑ a b Culpepper Template:Webarchive
- ↑ a b Iron furnaces Template:Webarchive
- ↑ a b Paul Ballard
- ↑ a b Excavations at Chingley
- ↑ a b Chingley Forge
- ↑ a b Early Hammer Mill
- ↑ a b Wealden Iron Research Group Enter name of forge in search box.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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See also
- Medway watermills article
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