Rhamnus crocea
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Rhamnus crocea, the spiny redberry, is a species of plant in the family Rhamnaceae. It is native from California to northern Mexico. since March 2024[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., five subspecies are recognized.[1]
Description
This evergreen shrub is typically Script error: No such module "convert". in height.[2] The leaves are Script error: No such module "convert". long. The flowers have four yellow-green sepals and no petals. The fruit is a red berry containing two nutlets.[3]
Taxonomy
since March 2024[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., Plants of the World Online accepted five subspecies:[1]
- Rhamnus crocea subsp. crocea
- Rhamnus crocea subsp. ilicifolia (Kellogg) C.B.Wolf, syn. Rhamnus ilicifolia[4]
- Rhamnus crocea subsp. insula (Kellogg) C.B.Wolf, syn. Rhamnus insula Kellogg[5]
- Rhamnus crocea subsp. pilosa (Trel. ex Curran) C.B.Wolf, syn. Rhamnus pilosa (Trel. ex Curran) Abrams[6]
- Rhamnus crocea subsp. pirifolia (Greene) C.B.Wolf, syn. Rhamnus pirifolia Greene[7]
Distribution and habitat
Rhamnus crocea is native to Arizona, California, Nevada, and Oregon in the United States and to Northeastern and Northwestern Mexico and the Mexican Pacific Islands.[1] It covers two major mountain foothills. In California, it surrounds the entire San Joaquin Valley, the pacific coast ranges and the western foothills of the Sierra Nevadas. In Arizona, it is found in the entire length of the Mogollon Rim to the western region of the White Mountains.[8]
R. crocea typically occurs in chaparral, with common flora associates being toyon and hollyleaf cherry.[9]
Uses
The edible fruit[3] was consumed by Native Americans in the Western United States.[10] When eaten in large quantities, it reportedly imparts a red tint to the consumer's entire body.[10]
References
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External links
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- Rhamnus (plant)
- Flora of Arizona
- Flora of California
- Flora of Nevada
- Flora of Oregon
- Flora of Northeastern Mexico
- Flora of Northwestern Mexico
- Flora of Guadalupe Island
- Flora of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
- Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands
- Natural history of the California Coast Ranges
- Natural history of the Peninsular Ranges
- Natural history of the San Francisco Bay Area
- Natural history of the Santa Monica Mountains
- Natural history of the Transverse Ranges
- Plants used in Native American cuisine
- Garden plants of North America
- Bird food plants
- Drought-tolerant plants
- Flora without expected TNC conservation status