Raphanea
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Raphanea or Raphaneae (Template:Langx;[1] Template:Langx; colloquial: Rafniye) was a city of the late Roman province of Syria Secunda. Its bishopric was a suffragan of Apamea.
History
Josephus mentions Raphanea in connection with a river Σαββατικον, referred now to as Sambation that flowed only every seventh days (probably an intermittent spring now called Fuwar ed-Deir) and that was viewed by Titus on his way northward from Berytus after the destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70.[2]
Near Emesa, Raphanea was the fortified headquarters of the Legio III Gallica from which was launched the successful bid of 14-year-old Elagabalus to become Roman Emperor in 218.[3]
Raphanea issued coins under Elagabalus,[4] and many of its coins are extant.[5][6][7]
Hierocles[8] and Georgius Cyprius[9] mention Raphanea among the towns of Syria Secunda. The crusaders passed through it at the end of 1099; it was taken by Baldwin I and was given to the Count of Tripoli.[10] It was then known as Rafania.[11]
Episcopal see
The only bishops of Raphanea known are:[11][12]
- Bassianus, present at the Nicaea, 325;
- Gerontius at Philippopolis, 344;
- Basil at Constantinople, 381;
- Lampadius at Chalcedon, 451;
- Zoilus about 518;
- Nonnus, 536.
The see is mentioned as late as the 10th century in the Notitia episcopatuum of Antioch.[11][13]
References
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Josephus, The War of the Jews or The History of the Destruction of Jerusalem, book 7, chapter 5, 1
- ↑ Jasper Burns, Great Women of Imperial Rome (Routledge 2006 Template:ISBN), p. 209
- ↑ Kevin Butcher, Roman Syria and the Near East (Getty Publications 2003 Template:ISBN), p. 117
- ↑ American Numismatic Society: Raphanea
- ↑ Elagabalus AE21mm Raphanea in Syria
- ↑ Raphanea Genius Coin
- ↑ Synecdemus, 712, 8.
- ↑ 870 (Heinrich Gelzer, Georgii Cyprii descriptio orbis romani, 44)
- ↑ "Historiens des croisades", passim; Rey in "Bulletin de la Société des antiquaires de France", Paris, 1885, 266.
- ↑ a b c Sophrone Pétridès, "Rhaphanaea" in Catholic Encyclopedia (New York 1912)
- ↑ Le Quien, "Oriens christianus", II, 921.
- ↑ Vailhé, "Échos d'Orient", X, 94.
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External links
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- Raphanea(e) Template:Webarchive in the Tabula Peutingeriana