Raid on Gananoque

The Raid on Gananoque was an action conducted by the United States Army on 21 September 1812 against Gananoque, Upper Canada during the War of 1812. The Americans sought to plunder ammunition and stores to resupply their own forces. Gananoque was a key point in the supply chain between Montreal and Kingston, the main base of the Provincial Marine on the Great Lakes. Under the command of Captain Benjamin Forsyth, the Americans departed Ogdensburg, New York and sailed to Gananoque, where they encountered resistance from the 2nd Regiment of Leeds Militia. The British militia was forced to retreat and the Americans successfully destroyed the storehouse and returned to the United States with captured supplies. As a result of the raid, the British strengthened their defences along the St. Lawrence River.

Background

File:Jacob Jennings Brown.jpg

With the American garrison at Sackets Harbor running low on supplies and ammunition, Brig Gen Jacob Brown authorized a raid into Canadian territory.

Gananoque is located roughly Template:Convert from Kingston, the principal base of the British Provincial Marine on the Great Lakes and a key transshipment point.Template:Sfn Gananoque served as a depot for ammunition, stores, foodstuffs along the St. Lawrence River route between Kingston and Montreal.Template:Sfn Furthermore, it was the last convoy-staging point between Montreal and Kingston and a key point for communications between the two cities.Template:Sfn The town had been settled in 1789 by Joel Stone, an American Loyalist who had arrived in Upper Canada following the American Revolutionary War.Template:Sfn On 9 August 1812, General Sir George Prévost, commander of British forces in Canada and Major General Henry Dearborn commander of the United States forces in the north agree to a cessation of hostilities.Template:Sfn President James Madison repudiated Dearborn's agreement on 15 August.Template:Sfn

The American garrison at Sackets Harbor, New York under the command of Brigadier General Jacob Brown of the New York Militia was suffering from lack of supply. Brown himself had purchased blankets for his men. The garrison was reinforced by a company of the US Regiment of Riflemen on 14 September, but the reinforcements lacked ammunition. Finding no support from his superiors, Brown authorized a raid on Canadian territory to acquire supplies and ammunition following the termination of the armistice.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Based on the intelligence that Brown had, Gananoque was lightly defended.Template:Sfn

Attack

Brown ordered the attack on Gananoque to be led by Captain Benjamin Forsyth of the Regiment of Riflemen. He was to take his company of 90 men and 20 members of the New York Militia under Captain Samuel McNitt and seize stores and ammunition.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn The force departed from Ogdensburg, New York on 18 September in boats and sailed to Gananoque, arriving on 21 September 1813.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Forsyth landed his men Template:Convert west of Gananoque at Sheriff's Point and moved towards the town.Template:Sfn The Americans surprised the 2nd Regiment of the Leeds MilitiaTemplate:Sfn under the command of Colonel Joel Stone. The American force was spotted by two British dragoons approaching the town, and fired upon them wounding one, however both were able to escape and alert the town. Upon their arrival the Americans were met by 100 Leeds Militia under the command of Lieutenant Levi Soper which began firing.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Forsyth moved his force to within Template:Convert of the Leeds Militia, and opened fire. He then ordered a charge, which drove the British militia back over a bridge. Forsyth's troops entered Gananoque and commandeered 3,000 ball cartridges and 41 muskets, while destroying 150 barrels of provisions, ransacking the storehouse and destroying the home of Colonel Stone.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn The Americans had one killed and ten wounded, while the British suffered eight killed, eight taken as prisoners of war and others wounded, including Colonel Stone's wife.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Thirty minutes after landing, the Americans returned to their boats with their plunder and set off for Ogdensburg.Template:Sfn

Aftermath

A British party was sent to intercept Forsyth but failed to locate his force. The British party then landed at Burton's Point and burned a blockhouse and several boats before returning to Canada.Template:Sfn Forsyth relocated his command to Ogdensburg and on 7 February 1813, raided again across the border, this time at Elizabethtown. The British replied with their own raid on Ogdensburg.Template:Sfn The British acknowledged the threat to their supply lines and began transporting their equipment and troops in escorted convoys.Template:Sfn Construction of a blockhouse began at Ganonoque in January 1813 and was finished later in the year.Template:Sfn

Historic plaque

To mark the site, an Ontario provincial plaque was installed on the grounds of the Gananoque Power Company.Template:Sfn

External links

• Gananoque Reporter
• 1000 Islands Life