R Doradus

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Template:Short description

R Doradus
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Dorado
Right ascension Template:RA[1]
Declination Template:DEC[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 4.78Template:Snd6.32[2]
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage AGB
Spectral type M8III:e[3]
Apparent magnitude (J) −2.6[4]
Apparent magnitude (K) −4.2[4]
U−B Template:Engvar +0.86[1]
B−V Template:Engvar +1.58[1]
Variable type SRb[5]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)+26.1[6] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: −69.36[1] mas/yr
Dec.: −75.78[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)18.31±0.99 mas[1]
DistanceTemplate:Rnd ± Template:Rnd ly
(Template:Rnd ± Template:Rnd pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)1.61 / 1.90
Details
Mass0.7–1.0[7] Template:Solar mass
RadiusScript error: No such module "val".[7] Template:Solar radius
LuminosityScript error: No such module "val".[7] Template:Solar luminosity
Surface gravity (log g)Script error: No such module "val".[7] cgs
TemperatureScript error: No such module "val".[7] K
RotationScript error: No such module "val".[8] years
Rotational velocity (v sin i)Script error: No such module "val".[8] km/s
Age6–14[7] Gyr
Metallicity [Fe/H]{{{metal_fe2}}} dex
Other designations
Template:Odlist[9]
Database references
SIMBADdata

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R Doradus (HD 29712 or P Doradus) is a red giant variable star in the far-southern constellation Dorado, close to the border with Reticulum. Its distance from Earth is Script error: No such module "convert".. Having a uniform disk diameter of Script error: No such module "val"., it is thought to be the extrasolar star with the largest apparent size as viewed from Earth.

Variability

File:RDorLightCurve.png
A visual band light curve for R Doradus, adapted from Bedding et al. (1998)[10]
File:R Doradus ESO.jpg
Infrared interferometric image of the star (1997)

The visible magnitude of R Doradus varies between 4.8 and 6.3,[2] which means it is usually visible to the naked eye, but in the infrared it is one of the brightest stars in the sky. With a near-infrared J band magnitude of −2.65, only Betelgeuse and Antares at −2.9 and −2.73 (respectively) are brighter.[11] In the infrared K band, it is sometimes the brightest star in the sky, although usually Betelgeuse is brighter.[12]

It is classified as a semiregular variable star of type SRb, indicating giants with slow poorly-defined variations, often alternating between periodic and irregular brightness changes.[5] Some studies show it alternating between periods of about 175 and 332 days, and a period of 117.3 days has also been identified.[13] It has been likened to a Mira variable when its variations are relatively regular, although its amplitude of only 1.5 magnitudes is smaller than Mira variables.[14] The star was discovered to be variable in 1874 by Benjamin Gould, and received the variable-star designation R Doradus.[2]

Angular diameter

The angular diameter of R Doradus is easily measured using interferometry. Its uniform disc diameter, the diameter when interpreted as a disc of uniform brightness, when viewed at Script error: No such module "val". is Script error: No such module "val"..[15] When viewed at Script error: No such module "val". and interpreted as a limb-darkened disc, the diameter is Script error: No such module "val"..[13]

The angular diameter of R Doradus is larger than any other measured star other than the Sun. The angular diameter of the next-largest star, Betelgeuse, is around Script error: No such module "val"..[15]

Properties

The Hipparcos parallax of R Doradus is Script error: No such module "val"., corresponding to a distance of Script error: No such module "val"..[1] The bolometric luminosity of R Doradus, derived from its bolometric flux at a distance of Script error: No such module "val"., is Template:Solar luminosity. The measured angular diameter, again assuming a distance of Script error: No such module "val". gives a radius of Template:Solar radius. The angular diameter and bolometric flux of R Doradus derive a cool surface effective temperature of Script error: No such module "val"..[7]

Comparison of its properties with theoretical evolutionary tracks gives an age of between 6 and 14 billion years. R Doradus has lost part of its mass during its evolution, and currently has a mass of either Template:Solar mass. Its initial mass would be either Template:Solar mass. Because of the enlarged surface and low mass, R Doradus has a surface gravity of only 0.026% that of Earth.Template:Efn It is on the asymptotic giant branch having exhausted helium at its core.[7]

The radius of Template:Solar radius means that the diameter of R Doradus is 415 million km (Script error: No such module "val".). If placed at the centre of the Solar System, the perihelion of Mars would be within the star.

R Doradus has a projected equatorial rotation velocity of Script error: No such module "val".. It is calculated to take Script error: No such module "val". to rotate once on its axis.[8] While such value is very slow if compared to stars like the Sun,[16] it is more than 100 times faster for a typical AGB star, suggesting R Doradus may have a close companion modifying its rotation.[8]

Using ALMA facilities, researchers at Chalmers University, in July to August 2023, were able to record the movement of hot gas bubbles on the surface of the star. Such bubbles, witness of the convective activity linked to deep nuclear fusion, would have a life of about a month, and a size more than 75 times that of the Sun.[17][18]

File:R Doradus starmap.svg
R Doradus figures almost at the western limit of Dorado, next to Reticulum (map to be held, as standard, upwards, with south horizon in front of viewer). Like Alpha Reticuli, which outshines it, it is a little south of a line between the bright stars Canopus and Achernar, as is the narrow kite-shaped asterism of Reticulum.

See also

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

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  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g h Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Template:Cite simbad
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

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External links

Template:Stars of Dorado

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