List of refrigerants

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from R-404a)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Template:Short description This is a list of refrigerants, sorted by their ASHRAE-designated numbers, commonly known as R numbers. Many modern refrigerants are human-made halogenated gases, especially fluorinated gases and chlorinated gases, that are frequently referred to as Freon (a registered trademark of Chemours).

Freons are responsible for the formation of the ozone hole. The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer and the Montreal Protocol are international agreements that oblige signatory countries to limit the emission of ozone-depleting gases. The Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol furthermore obliges signatory countries to limit the emission of gases with high global warming potential.

Numbering scheme

According to ASHRAE standard 34, the R-number of a chemical refrigerant is assigned systematically according to its molecular structure and has between two and four digits. If there are carbon-carbon multiple bonds, there are four digits in all: the number of these bonds is the first digit and the number of carbon atoms minus one (C-1) is next. If there is more than one carbon atom but no multiple bonds, there are three digits, and the number of carbon atoms minus one is the first digit. If there is only one carbon atom, then there are only two digits. The last two digits are always the number of hydrogen atoms plus one (H+1), followed by the number of fluorine atoms. Any other atoms attached to the carbons are assumed to be chlorine atoms. For example, R-22 has one carbon atom, one hydrogen atom (2−1 = 1), two fluorine atoms, and one chlorine atom (4−2−1 = 1), so it is chlorodifluoromethane, while R-134 has two carbon atoms (2−1 = 1), two hydrogen atoms (3−1 = 2), four fluorine atoms, and no chlorine atoms (6−2−4 = 0), so it is one of the tetrafluoroethanes. This basic scheme is modified as follows:

  • Capital letters "B" and "I" are suffixed, together with atom counts, if chlorine atoms have been replaced with bromine or iodine.
  • If there are two carbons, the isomer without suffix is the most symmetrical; after this, lower-case suffixed letters "a", "b", ..., are added, moving forwards through the alphabet as symmetry decreases.
  • If there are more than two carbons, a more complex system of suffixed letters and possibly numbers is used to distinguish isomers, when necessary.
  • The suffixes "(Z)" and "(E)" may be used to differentiate (Z)- and (E)- (cis- and trans-) isomers.
  • For larger molecules, numerical "digits" exceeding 9 may occur; in this case, these numbers are separated by dashes.
  • For a cyclic carbon skeleton, the prefixed capital letter "C" is used.
  • For an oxygen-containing refrigerant (an ether), the prefixed capital letter "E" is used.[1]Template:R/superscript

There are separate numbering schemes for zeotropic and azeotropic blends, organic chemicals which don't fit into the scheme above, and inorganic chemicals:

  • Zeotropic blends are numbered starting with 400. Suffixed capital letters "A", "B", ... may be used to distinguish different blends with the same constitutents.
  • Azeotropic blends are numbered similarly to zeotropic blends, but starting with 500.
  • Other organic chemicals may be numbered starting with 600. Suffixed lowercase letters "a", "b", ..., may be used to distinguish isomers.
  • Inorganic chemicals are given numbers equalling 700 plus their molecular weight, if the weight is less than 100, or 7000 plus the molecular weight otherwise. Suffixed capital letters "A", "B", ... may be used to distinguish different chemicals with the same molecular weight.[1]Template:R/superscript

Columns

The table is sortable by each of the following refrigerant properties (scroll right or reduce magnification to view more properties):

Since over 100,000 refrigerant blends are possible,[2] this list should only have notable refrigerants and refrigerant blends.

List

Template:Sticky header

Script error: No such module "anchor". Type and flammability

Legends
Types / Prefixes[75]
Type Meaning Atoms in the Molecule
CFC Chlorofluorocarbon Cl, F, C
CFO Chlorofluoroolefin
HCFC Hydrochlorofluorocarbon H, Cl, F, C
HCFO Hydrochlorofluoroolefin
HFC Hydrofluorocarbon H, F, C
HFO Hydrofluoroolefin
HCC Hydrochlorocarbon H, Cl, C
HCO Hydrochloroolefin
HC Hydrocarbon H, C
HO Olefin (Alkene)
PFC Perfluorocarbon F, C
PFO Perfluoroolefin
PCC Perchlorocarbon Cl, C
H Halon/Haloalkane Br, Cl (in some but not all), F, H (in some but not all), C
Safety Classification of Refrigerants[76]
Flammability in Air @ 60 °C & 101.3 kPa ASHRAE 34 Safety group
Higher Flammability
LFL or ETFL60 = 100 g/m3 OR HOC = 19 MJ/kg[77]
A3 B3
Lower Flammability
LFL or ETFL60 > 100 g/m3 & HOC < 19 MJ/kg[77]
A2 B2
Lower Flammability
LFL or ETFL60 > 100 g/m3 & HOC < 19 MJ/kg[77]
with a maximum burning velocity of = 10 cm/s
A2L B2L
No flame Propagation A1 B1
Flammability in Air @ 60 °C & 101.3 kPa Lower Toxicity
OEL ≥ 400 ppm[29]
Higher Toxicity
OEL < 400 ppm[29]

LFL = Lower Flammability Limit
ETFL60 = Elevated Temperature Flame Limit @ 60 °C
HOC = Heat Of Combustion

Compounds used as refrigerants may be described using either the appropriate prefix above or with the prefixes "R-" or "Refrigerant." Thus, CFC-12 may also be written as R-12 or Refrigerant 12.
An alkene, olefin, or olefine is an unsaturated compound containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond.[78]

Educated Estimates

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. a b c d e Some CFCs are assumed to be similar in terms of Semi-Empirical ODP being one.[4][13]
  2. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr Some HCFCs are assumed to be similar in terms of Semi-Empirical ODP.[4][16]
  3. a b c d e f g h i j k l Some HCFCs are assumed to be similar in terms of Atmospheric Lifetime[3][4] & net GWP over a 100-year time horizon.[3][4]
  4. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae All HFCs, HFOs, PFCs & PFOs are assumed to be similar in terms of Semi-Empirical ODP being zero.[15][18]
  5. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Most hydrocarbons are assumed to be similar to Methane in terms of Atmospheric Lifetime being 12 ± 3 years[3] & Semi-Empirical ODP being < 0(smog chemistry).[21]
  6. a b c Pentane, Isopentane & Ethoxyethane (Diethyl ether) is assumed to have a net GWP over 100-yr to be 4 ± 2.
  7. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Air, nitrogen, oxygen & the noble gases are assumed to have an unlimited Atmospheric Lifetime, a Semi-Empirical ODP of zero (except oxygen being slightly less than zero) & net GWP over 100-yr to be zero (except air being the sum of its parts).

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

See also

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Myhre, G., D. Shindell, F.‐M. Bréon, W. Collins, J. Fuglestvedt, J. Huang, D. Koch, J.‐F. Lamarque, D. Lee, B. Mendoza, T. Nakajima, A. Robock, G. Stephens, T. Takemura and H. Zhang, 2013: Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.‐K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, US.
  7. a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy iz ja jb jc jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk jl jm jn jo jp jq jr js jt ju jv jw jx jy jz ka kb kc kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  9. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw Wikipedia:Chemical infobox#References
  10. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy iz ja jb jc jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk jl jm jn jo jp jq jr js jt ju jv jw jx jy jz ka kb kc kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu nv nw nx Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. UNEP, 2000. Template:ISBN
  18. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  20. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Critical point (thermodynamics)#Table of liquid–vapor critical temperature and pressure for selected substances
  23. a b c d e f Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. a b c Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  26. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  29. a b c d e f g h i j Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. a b IPCC Assessment Report 4 (AR4) 2007, Table 2.14, page 212
  31. a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. a b c d e f g h i j Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. a b c d e f g h i Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. a b c d e f Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  38. a b c d e f g Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. a b c d e f g h Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. a b c d e f Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  41. a b c d e f Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. a b c d e f Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  44. a b c d e f g Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. "#cite_ref-Federal_Register_" contains a listed "#" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. a b c d e f g Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. a b c d e f Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. a b c d e f g h Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  61. Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  62. Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  63. a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. a b c d e f g Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  74. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2524&context=iracc Template:Bare URL PDF
  75. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  76. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  77. a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  78. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Notes

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".