Quzhou

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History

File:Du Halde - Description de la Chine - Villes de Kiu tcheou fou - Pinghou hien.jpg
Maps of "Kiu-tcheou-fou" and "Pinghou-hien" from Du Halde's 1736 Description of China, based on Jesuit accounts

Descendants of Confucius

During the Southern Song dynasty the descendant of Confucius at Qufu, the Duke Yansheng Kong Duanyou fled south with the Song Emperor to Quzhou, while the newly established Jin dynasty (1115–1234) in the north appointed Kong Duanyou's brother Kong Duancao who remained in Qufu as Duke Yansheng.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8] From that time up until the Yuan dynasty, there were two Duke Yanshengs, once in the north in Qufu and the other in the south at Quzhou. An invitation to come back to Qufu was extended to the southern Duke Yansheng Kong Zhu by the Yuan dynasty Emperor Kublai Khan. The title was taken away from the southern branch after Kong Zhu rejected the invitation,[2]Template:Rp[3][4]Template:Rp[9] so the northern branch of the family kept the title of Duke Yansheng. The southern branch still remained in Quzhou where they lived to this day. Confucius's descendants in Quzhou alone number 30,000.[10][11] The Hanlin Academy rank of Wujing boshi (Script error: No such module "Lang".) was awarded to the southern branch at Quzhou by a Ming Emperor while the northern branch at Qufu held the title Duke Yansheng.[2]Template:Rp[4]Template:Rp[12][13] Kong Ruogu (Script error: No such module "Lang".) aka Kong Chuan (Script error: No such module "Lang".)[4]Template:Rp 47th generation[14][15][16][17][18][19] was claimed to be the ancestor of the Southern branch after Kong Zhu died by Northern branch member Kong Guanghuang.[2]Template:Rp[5] The leader of the southern branch is Kong Xiangkai (Script error: No such module "Lang".).[20]

Second World War

During the Second World War, Imperial Japanese army used bacteriological weapons in Quzhou, spreading plague, typhoid and other diseases in Quzhou, as well as in Ningbo and Changde. As a result, between 1940 and 1948 more than 300,000 Chinese civilians in the area contracted the plague and other diseases, and an estimated 50,000 died in Quzhou alone.[21]

On April 18, 1942, hours after bombing Tokyo, six US Army B-25 bombers crash landed near Quzhou after running out of fuel, including the leader of the raid, Lieutenant Colonel Jimmy Doolittle.

Administration

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Map including Quzhou (labeled as CH'Ü-HSIEN Script error: No such module "Lang".) (AMS, 1952)

The prefecture-level city of Quzhou administers 2 districts, 1 county-level city, and 3 counties.

Map
# Name Hanzi Hanyu Pinyin
1 Kecheng District Script error: No such module "Lang". Kēchéng Qū
2 Qujiang District Script error: No such module "Lang". Qújiāng Qū
3 Jiangshan City Script error: No such module "Lang". Jiāngshān Shì
4 Changshan County Script error: No such module "Lang". Chángshān Xiàn
5 Kaihua County Script error: No such module "Lang". Kāihuà Xiàn
6 Longyou County Script error: No such module "Lang". Lóngyóu Xiàn

Geography

File:Quzhou 2017.10.21 17-29-34.jpg
View of the Qu River outside the Shuiting Gate

The centre of Quzhou sits on a broad basin along the Template:Ill, a tributary of the Qiantang River. The Qu River flows roughly southeast for Script error: No such module "convert". and is flanked on both sides by hills. Almost all the rivers of Quzhou feed into the Qiantang, which ultimately empties into Hangzhou Bay.

The terrain is higher in the west and the east. The territory of Quzhou Municipality is made up of plains (15%), hills (36%), and mountains (49%). In the north is the Qianli Gang (Script error: No such module "Lang".) mountain range and in the west the Yu Mountains (Script error: No such module "Lang".). The highest mountains, the range known as the Xianxia Ling (Script error: No such module "Lang".), lie in the south. The highest point in the city is at Dalong Gang (Script error: No such module "Lang".), which rises to 1,500 m above sea level.

70.7% of the land is covered with forest. The rest is densely irrigated and farmed, producing citrus fruits, tea and mulberry leaves.

The north China plain is an important grain-producing areas is also the key area of nitrogen loss, Quzhou nitrogen loss in 2017 about 9000 tons, through effective to improve crops (wheat, corn, vegetables and animal (pig, eggs) in the production of reasonable management to further improve the Quzhou has been the development of the north China plain green agriculture.[22]

Climate

Quzhou has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) with four distinctive seasons, characterised by hot, humid summers and chilly, cloudy and drier winters (with occasional snow). The mean annual temperature is Script error: No such module "convert"., with monthly daily averages ranging from Script error: No such module "convert". in January to Script error: No such module "convert". in July. The city receives an average annual rainfall of Script error: No such module "convert". and is affected by the plum rains of the Asian monsoon in June, when average relative humidity also peaks. The frost-free period lasts 251–261 days. Winds along the Qiantang River valley are predominantly north-easterly and north-east-easterly. Occasionally typhoons blow in from the Pacific Ocean. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 25% in March to 59% in August, the city receives 1,810 hours of bright sunshine annually.

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Tourism

  • Ancestral Temple of the Southern Confucian Clan
  • Lanke Mountain, Script error: No such module "convert". southeast of the city proper. It features green peaks and clear waters, and the huge rocks on top of the mountain support a horizontal rock to form a natural arch, the Tiansheng Bridge ("Nature-Formed").

Demographics

As of 2003, Quzhou municipality registered a population of 2,578,100. The vast majority are Han Chinese (99.16%) but there are also small minorities of She (0.73%) and Hui, Zhuang, Manchu and Miao (together making up 0.1%). Most of the people in Quzhou are engaged in agriculture (2,035,100). The genders are roughly evenly split. Population density is 273 people per km2. At any given time there are a handful of foreign (mainly European and Australian) teachers at the schools and university of Quzhou, as well as alleged but never seen Russian Military Personnel who work and advise at the military base.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Transportation

File:201901 Station Building of Quzhou.jpg
Quzhou railway station

Quzhou is well served by both railways and highways. The city of Quzhou is a major connection hub between the three provinces of Anhui, Jiangxi and Fujian, with the Zhegan Railroad running through southern Quzhou and the Qu River flowing past northern Quzhou. Template:Citation needed span.

Airport

Quzhou Airport, ranked as class 4C, is located Script error: No such module "convert". away from east side of city centre,[23] and this airport was built in 22nd year of Republic of China (1933). The destinations are Beijing, Chongqing, Haikou, Jinan, Qingdao, Kunming, Dalian, Guiyang, Xi'an and Shenzhen. Airplane timetable and more information can be found on Quzhou airport official website. The nearest large-scale airport is Hangzhou International Airport, and its information can be found on Hangzhou International Airport Official Website

Railway

One of the most famous railway passes through the city is Shanghai-Kunming Railway with a speed of Script error: No such module "convert".. This railway has three stations in city, which are Longyou railway station, Quzhou railway station, Jiangshan railway station, Changshan Station, Kaihua Station. More information can be found on Quzhou Railway Website Template:Webarchive

Highway

Quzhou South Station, also named as Quzhou Express Station (Script error: No such module "Lang".), located in No.209 Shang Street, has 27 buses to Hangzhou, 18 to Jinhua, 8 to Ningbo, 6 to Wenzhou, and 3 to Shanghai daily. Another Express Station is located in He Hua Middle Road (Script error: No such module "Lang".), on the south of newly built train station, and its destinations cover most cities in Jiangxi Province and Fujian Province. More bus information can be found on https://web.archive.org/web/20111231062848/http://www.icha.com.cn/RailwayStation/130.Html

International relations

Quzhou had bilateral agreements with:[24]

Notes

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References

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  6. ↑ https://www.asian-studies.org/absts/1995abst/china/csess45.htm Template:Webarchive http://archive Template:Webarchive. is/hOXhs; http://academics.hamilton.edu/asian_studies/home/CultTemp/sitePages/temple.html
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".; http://kfz.freehostingguru.com/article20.php Template:Webarchive; http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2006-09/29/content_699183.htm; http://www.china.org.cn/english/2006/Sep/182656.htm
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  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Jonathan Watts: Japan guilty of germ warfare against thousands of Chinese The Guardian, 28 August 2002; Justin McCurry: Japan's sins of the past The Guardian, 28 October 2004.
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

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Template:Zhejiang topics Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China Template:Authority control

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