Pyronemataceae

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The Pyronemataceae are a family of fungi in the order Pezizales. It is the largest family of the Pezizales, encompassing 75 genera[1] and approximately 500 species.[2] Phylogenetic analyses does not support the prior classifications of this family, and suggest that the family is not monophyletic as it is currently circumscribed.[3]

Morphology

Members of the family are diverse in ascomatal or cleistothecial form. Individual taxa may be sessile (without a stipe) to shortly stipitate, cupulate (cup-shaped), discoid (disc-shaped), pulvinate (cushion-shaped), or with turbinate (turban-shaped) epigeous apothecia. Also, taxa may be sub-hypogeous to hypogeous with closed, folded, or solid ascomata. Apothecia may range in size from less than 1 mm up to Script error: No such module "convert". in diameter, and may be brightly colored due to carotenoid pigments. Genera of the Pyronemataceae lack unifying macroscopic or microscopic characteristics; this lack of uniting characters has led various authors to propose a variety of classification schemes.[4][5][6]

Genera

This list of genera in the family Pyronemataceae. The genus name is followed by the author citation, year of publication, and number of species.[7]

  • Acervus Kanouse (1938)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 9 spp.
  • Aleuria Fuckel (1870)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – ca. 10 spp.
  • Aleurina Massee (1898)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – ca. 10 spp.
  • Anthracobia Boud. (1885)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – ca. 10 spp.
  • Aparaphysaria Speg. (1922)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 2 spp.
  • Arpinia Berthet (1974)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 4 spp.
  • Ascocalathium Eidam ex J.Schröt. (1893)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 sp.
  • Ascosparassis Kobayasi (1960)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 sp.
  • Aurantiolachnea Van Vooren (2021)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 sp.
  • Boubovia Svrček (1977)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 7 spp.
  • Byssonectria P.Karst. (1881)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 7 spp.
  • Boudierella Sacc. (1895)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 sp.
  • Chaetothiersia B.A.Perry & Pfister (2008)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[8] – 1 sp.
  • Chalazion Dissing & Sivertsen (1975)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 3 spp.
  • Cheilymenia Boud. (1885)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 67 spp.
  • Cupulina Dougoud, Van Vooren & M.Vega (2015)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 2 spp.
  • Dictyocoprotus J.C.Krug & R.S.Khan (1991)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 sp.
  • Eoaleurina Korf & W.Y.Zhuang (1986)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 sp.
  • Galeoscypha Svrček & J.Moravec (1989)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 sp.
  • Genabea Tul. & C.Tul. (1844)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 5 spp.
  • Genea Vittad. (1831)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – ca. 40 spp.
  • Geneosperma Rifai (1968)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 2 spp.
  • Geopora Harkn. (1885)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – ca. 20 spp.
  • Geopyxis (Pers.) Sacc. (1889)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". –
  • Gilkeya M.E.Sm., Trappe & Rizzo (2007)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 sp.
  • Hiemsia Svrček (1969)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 2 spp.
  • Hoffmannoscypha[9] Stielow, Göker & Klenk (2012) – 1 sp.
  • Humaria Fuckel (1870)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – ca. 10 spp.
  • Hydnocystis Tul. & C.Tul. (1844)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 7 spp.
  • Hypotarzetta Donadini (1985)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 spp.
  • Jafnea Korf (1960)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 2 spp.
  • Lamprospora De Not. (1863)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – ca. 50 spp.
  • Lasiobolidium Malloch & Cain (1971)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 13
  • Lasiocupulina Van Vooren & M.Vega (2018)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 sp.
  • Lathraeodiscus Dissing & Sivertsen (1989)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 sp.
  • Lazuardia Rifai (1988)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 sp.
  • Leucoscypha Boud. (1885)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 10 spp.
  • Lotinia Pérez-Butrón Fern.-Vic. & P.Alvarado (2015)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 sp.
  • Luciotrichus R.Galán & Raitv. (1995)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 sp.
  • Melastiza Boud. (1885)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – ca. 10 spp.
  • Micronematobotrys[10] Xiang Sun & L.D.Guo (2010)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 sp.
  • Miladina Svrček (1972)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 sp.
  • Monascella Guarro & Arx (1986)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 sp.
  • Moravecia Benkert, Caillet & Moyne (1987)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 2 spp.
  • Mycogalopsis Gjurašin (1925)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 sp.
  • Neottiella (Cooke) Sacc. (1889)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – ca. 5 spp.
  • Nothojafnea Rifai (1968)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 2 spp.
  • Octospora Hedw. (1789)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – ca. 50 spp.
  • Octosporella Döbbeler (1980)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 16 spp.
  • Orbicula Cooke (1871)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 2 spp.
  • Otidea (Pers.) Bonord. (1851)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – ca. 52 spp.
  • Oviascoma Y.J.Yao & Spooner (1996)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 sp.
  • Parascutellinia Svrček (1975)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 6 spp.
  • Paratricharina Van Vooren, U.Lindemann, M.Vega, Ribes, Illescas & Matočec (2015)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 sp.
  • Paratrichophaea Trigaux (1985)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 5 spp.
  • Parawilcoxina Van Vooren (2021)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 sp.
  • Paurocotylis Berk. (1855)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 8 spp.
  • Perilachnea Van Vooren (2021)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 6 spp.
  • Petchiomyces E.Fisch. & Mattir. (1938)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 sp.
  • Picoa Vittad. (1831)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 2 spp.
  • Planamyces Crous & Decock (2017)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 sp.
  • Pseudaleuria Lusk (1987)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 2 spp.
  • Pseudotricharina Van Vooren, Tello & M.Vega (2019)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 3 spp.
  • Pulvinula Boud. (1885)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 26 spp.
  • Pyronema Carus (1834)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 3 spp.
  • Pyropyxis Egger (1984)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 sp.
  • Ramsbottomia W.D.Buckley (1923)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 3 spp.
  • Rhizoblepharia Rifai (1968)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 2 spp.
  • Rhodoscypha Dissing & Sivertsen (1983)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 sp.
  • Rhodotarzetta Dissing & Sivertsen (1983)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 2 spp.
  • Scutellinia (Cooke) Lambotte (1887)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 70 spp.
  • Selenaspora R.Heim & Le Gal (1936)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 sp.
  • Sepultariella Van Vooren, U.Lindemmann & Healy (2017)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 2 spp.
  • Smardaea Svrček (1969)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 9 spp.
  • Smarodsia Raitv. & Vimba (2006)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 sp.
  • Sowerbyella Nannf. (1938)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 17 spp.
  • Sphaerosoma Klotzsch (1839)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 11 spp.
  • Sphaerosporella (Svrček) Svrček & Kubička (1961)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 3 spp.
  • Spooneromyces T.Schumach. & J.Moravec (1989)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 5 spp.
  • Tricharina Eckblad (1968)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 12 spp.
  • Trichophaea Boud. (1885)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 26 spp.
  • Trichophaeopsis Korf & Erb (1972)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 4 spp.
  • Wenyingia Zheng Wang & Pfister (2001)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 1 sp.
  • Wilcoxina Chin S.Yang & Korf (1985)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 5 spp.

References

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  1. ↑ Eriksson OE. Outline of Ascomycota. 2006 Myconet 12:1–82.
  2. ↑ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, David J, Stalpers JA. (Eds.) Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi (9th edn.). CAB International: Wallingford, UK (2001).
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Kimbrough JW. Arguments towards restricting the limits of the Pyronemataceae (Ascomycetes, Pezizales). Memoirs of the New York Botanic Garden. 1989 49:326–335.
  5. ↑ Eckblad F-E. The genera of operculate Discomycetes. A re-evaluation of their taxonomy, phylogeny and nomenclature. Norwegian Journal of Botany. 1968 15:1–191.
  6. ↑ Korf RP. Synoptic key to the genera of Pezizales. Mycologia. 1972 64:937–94.
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Perry BA. (2008). Chaetothiersia vernalis, a new genus and species of Pyronemataceae (Ascomycota, Pezizales) from California. Fungal Diversity 28: 65–72.
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

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