Pulse sequence

File:MRI 2DFT SE PulseSequence.png

Timing diagram for an MRI spin echo pulse sequence.

File:Noesy pulse sequence.png

Graphical representation of a pulse sequence for a homonuclear NOESY experiment. The three bars represent three 90° pulses.

File:INEPT Pulse Sequence.png

An INEPT NMR pulse sequence for a heteronuclear experiment. The thin bar denotes a 90° pulse, while the thick bar denotes a 180° pulse. INEPT is a common building block of NMR experiments to improve ¹⁵N signal.

In Fourier transform NMR spectroscopy and imaging, a pulse sequence describes a series of radio frequency pulses applied to the sample, such that the free induction decay is related to the characteristic frequencies of the desired signals. After applying a Fourier transform, the signal can be represented in the frequency domain as the NMR spectrum. In magnetic resonance imaging, additional gradient pulses are applied by switching magnetic fields that exhibit a space-dependent gradient which can be used to reconstruct spatially resolved images after applying Fourier transforms.

The outcome of pulse sequences is often analyzed using the product operator formalism.

See also

• Spin echo
• Insensitive nuclei enhanced by polarization transfer
• MRI sequence

External links

• Pulse sequences in the online textbook
• The Basics of NMR (by Joseph Hornak)

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