Panaeolus foenisecii
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Panaeolus foenisecii, commonly called the haymaker's panaeolus,[1] mower's mushroom, haymaker, or brown hay mushroom, is a very common and widely distributed little brown mushroom often found on lawns. It is not edible.
Description
The cap is 1 to 4 cm across, conic to convex, hygrophanous with a brownish colour when moist and tannish when dry,[1] often with a dark band around the margin which fades as the mushroom dries.[2]
The gills are broad, adnate, brown with lighter edges, becoming mottled as the spores mature.[2] The spore print is deep brown, sometimes purplish.[1]
The stipe is 3 to 8 cm by 1 to 3 mm, fragile, hollow, beige to light brown,[2] fibrous,[3] pruinose, and slightly striate.
It has a slightly unpleasant nutty fungal taste. The odor is nutty and slightly unpleasant.
Microscopic features
Spores measure 12–17 x 7–11 μm, subfusoid to lemon shaped, rough, dextrinoid, with an apical germ pore. Cheilocystidia subfusoid to cylindric or subcapitate, often wavy, up to 50 μm long. Pleurocystidia absent, but some authors report inconspicuous "pseudocystidia". The pileipellis a cellular cuticle with subglobose elements and has pileocystidia.[4]
Similar species
Similar species include Agaricus campestris, Conocybe apala, Marasmius oreades, Psathyrella candolleana, and Psathyrella gracilis.[2]
It is sometimes mistaken for the psychedelic Panaeolus cinctulus or P. olivaceus, both of which share the same habitat and can be differentiated by their jet black spores. This is probably why P. foenisecii is occasionally listed as a psychoactive species in older literature.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Habitat and distribution
It can be found throughout North America.[5] In the Pacific Northwest of the United States, the species may be the most common to appear in lawns.[3] It is also found on lawns along the East Coast.
Biochemistry
In 1963, Tyler and Smith found that this mushroom contains serotonin, 5-HTP and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid.[6] In many field guides it is listed as psychoactive, but the mushroom does not produce any hallucinogenic effects as it only contains trace amounts of psilocybin.[1] [7]
Gallery
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Wild P. foenisecii with banded cap
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Stipe and gills
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Spores magnified
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P. foenisecii spores
See also
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References
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External links
- Mushroom Expert – Panaeolus foenisecii
- Mykoweb – Panaeolus foenisecii
- Mushroom Observer – Panaeolus foenisecii at mushroomobserver.org
- Rough Spored Panaeoloideae spore comparison
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