Provinces of Italy

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Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox subdivision type

File:Italian regions provinces.svg
Provinces of Italy (grey borders), within Regions (solid borders)

The provinces of Italy (Template:Langx Script error: No such module "IPA".; sing. Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA".) are the second-level administrative divisions of the Italian Republic, on an intermediate level between a municipality (Script error: No such module "Lang".) and a region (Script error: No such module "Lang".). Since 2015, provinces have been classified as "institutional bodies of second level".[1]

There are currently 107 institutional bodies of second level in Italy, including 80 ordinary provinces, 2 autonomous provinces, 4 regional decentralization entities, 6 free municipal consortia, and 14 metropolitan cities, as well as the Aosta Valley region (which also exercises the powers of a province).

Italian provinces (with the exception of the current Sardinian provinces) correspond to the NUTS 3 regions.[2]

Overview

A province of the Italian Republic is composed of many municipalities (Script error: No such module "Lang".). Usually several provinces together form a region; the region of Aosta Valley is the sole exception—it is not subdivided into provinces, and provincial functions are exercised by the region.

The three main functions devolved to provinces are:

  • Local planning and zoning
  • Provision of local police and fire services
  • Transportation regulation (car registration, maintenance of local roads, etc.)

The number of provinces in Italy has been steadily growing in recent years, as many new ones are carved out of older ones. Usually, the province's name is the same as that of its capital city.

According to the 2014 reform, each province is headed by a President (or Commissioner) assisted by a legislative body, the Provincial Council, and an executive body, the Provincial Executive. President (Commissioner) and members of Council are elected together by mayors and city councilors of each municipality of the province. The Executive is chaired by the President (Commissioner) who appoint others members, called Script error: No such module "Lang".. Since 2015, the President (Commissioner) and other members of the council will not receive a salary.[3]

In each province, there is also a Prefect (Script error: No such module "Lang".), a representative of the central government who heads an agency called Script error: No such module "Lang".. The Questor (Script error: No such module "Lang".) is the head of State Police (Script error: No such module "Lang".) in the province and his office is called Script error: No such module "Lang".. There is also a provincial police force depending from local government, called provincial police (Script error: No such module "Lang".).

The Aosta Valley region is not divided into provinces due to its size, but straight to the Script error: No such module "Lang". level.

South Tyrol and Trentino are autonomous provinces, unlike all other provinces they have the same legislative powers as regions and are not subordinated to Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, the region they are part of.

Type

Based on the most recent legislation, contained in the law of 7 April 2014 n. 56,[4] the council and the presidents of the provinces of the regions with ordinary statute are elected by restricted suffrage by the mayors and councilors of the province's municipalities, while in the metropolitan cities, the equivalent of the president of the province is the (elective) mayor of the capital, called "metropolitan mayor".

There are other types of entities similar to the provinces in the regions with special statutes: the free municipal consortia in Sicily and the Sardinian provinces are governed by extraordinary commissioners appointed by the respective regional administrations, the autonomous provinces of Trentino-Alto Adige each elect its own president, and finally, in Aosta Valley, the functions of the province are carried out by the regional administration (whose president is elected by the regional council).

List of provinces

List

Note: the data is updated as of 1 January 2021.

Type Province Capital Code Region Macroregion Template:Longitem Template:Longitem Template:Longitem Script error: No such module "Lang".[5] Established
F Agrigento Agrigento AG Sicily Insular 416,181 Template:Convert 136 43 1861
O Alessandria Alessandria AL Piedmont North-West 409,392 Template:Convert 115 187 1861
O Ancona Ancona AN Marche Centre 464,419 Template:Convert 237 47 1861
D Aosta Aosta AO Aosta Valley North-West 124,089 Template:Convert 38 74 1927
O Arezzo Arezzo AR Tuscany Centre 336,501 Template:Convert 104 36 1861
O Ascoli Piceno Ascoli Piceno AP Marche Centre 203,425 Template:Convert 166 33 1861
O Asti Asti AT Piedmont North-West 209,390 Template:Convert 139 118 1935
O Avellino Avellino AV Campania South 402,929 Template:Convert 144 118 1861
M Bari Bari BA Apulia South 1,230,158 Template:Convert 318 41 1861
O Barletta-Andria-Trani Barletta, Andria, Trani BT Apulia South 381,091 Template:Convert 247 10 2004
O Belluno Belluno BL Veneto North-East 199,704 Template:Convert 55 61 1866
O Benevento Benevento BN Campania South 266,716 Template:Convert 128 78 1861
O Bergamo Bergamo BG Lombardy North-West 1,103,556 Template:Convert 401 243 1861
O Biella Biella BI Piedmont North-West 170,724 Template:Convert 187 74 1992
M Bologna Bologna BO Emilia-Romagna North-East 1,015,608 Template:Convert 274 55 1861
O Brescia Brescia BS Lombardy North-West 1,255,709 Template:Convert 262 205 1861
O Brindisi Brindisi BR Apulia South 381,946 Template:Convert 205 20 1927
M Cagliari Cagliari CA Sardinia Insular 421,488 Template:Convert 338 17 1861
F Caltanissetta Caltanissetta CL Sicily Insular 253,688 Template:Convert 119 22 1861
O Campobasso Campobasso CB Molise South 212,879 Template:Convert 73 84 1861
O Caserta Caserta CE Campania South 901,903 Template:Convert 340 104 1861
M Catania Catania CT Sicily Insular 1,074,089 Template:Convert 301 58 1861
O Catanzaro Catanzaro CZ Calabria South 344,439 Template:Convert 143 80 1861
O Chieti Chieti CH Abruzzo South 375,215 Template:Convert 144 104 1861
O Como Como CO Lombardy North-West 596,456 Template:Convert 466 148 1861
O Cosenza Cosenza CS Calabria South 676,119 Template:Convert 101 150 1861
O Cremona Cremona CR Lombardy North-West 352,242 Template:Convert 199 113 1861
O Crotone Crotone KR Calabria South 164,059 Template:Convert 95 27 1992
O Cuneo Cuneo CN Piedmont North-West 581,798 Template:Convert 84 247 1861
F Enna Enna EN Sicily Insular 157,690 Template:Convert 61 20 1927
O Fermo Fermo FM Marche Centre 169,710 Template:Convert 197 40 2004
O Ferrara Ferrara FE Emilia-Romagna North-East 342,061 Template:Convert 130 21 1861
M Florence Florence FI Tuscany Centre 998,431 Template:Convert 284 41 1861
O Foggia Foggia FG Apulia South 602,394 Template:Convert 86 61 1861
O Forlì-Cesena Forlì FC Emilia-Romagna North-East 392,642 Template:Convert 165 30 1861
O Frosinone Frosinone FR Lazio Centre 472,559 Template:Convert 146 91 1927
M Genoa Genoa GE Liguria North-West 823,612 Template:Convert 449 67 1861
R Gorizia Gorizia GO Friuli-Venezia Giulia North-East 139,070 Template:Convert 293 25 1923
O Grosseto Grosseto GR Tuscany Centre 217,846 Template:Convert 48 28 1861
O Imperia Imperia IM Liguria North-West 209,244 Template:Convert 181 66 1861
O Isernia Isernia IS Molise South 81,415 Template:Convert 53 52 1970
O L'Aquila L'Aquila AQ Abruzzo South 290,811 Template:Convert 58 108 1861
O La Spezia La Spezia SP Liguria North-West 215,887 Template:Convert 245 32 1924
O Latina Latina LT Lazio Centre 566,224 Template:Convert 251 33 1934
O Lecce Lecce LE Apulia South 776,230 Template:Convert 277 96 1861
O Lecco Lecco LC Lombardy North-West 333,569 Template:Convert 414 84 1992
O Livorno Livorno LI Tuscany Centre 328,996 Template:Convert 271 19 1861
O Lodi Lodi LO Lombardy North-West 227,343 Template:Convert 290 60 1992
O Lucca Lucca LU Tuscany Centre 383,957 Template:Convert 216 33 1861
O Macerata Macerata MC Marche Centre 307,410 Template:Convert 111 55 1861
O Mantua Mantua MN Lombardy North-West 406,061 Template:Convert 173 64 1866
O Massa-Carrara Massa MS Tuscany Centre 189,836 Template:Convert 164 17 1861
O Matera Matera MT Basilicata South 192,640 Template:Convert 55 31 1927
M Messina Messina ME Sicily Insular 603,980 Template:Convert 185 108 1861
M Milan Milan MI Lombardy North-West 3,241,813 Template:Convert 2,058 133 1861
O Modena Modena MO Emilia-Romagna North-East 703,696 Template:Convert 262 47 1861
O Monza and Brianza Monza MB Lombardy North-West 870,113 Template:Convert 2,146 55 2004
M Naples Naples NA Campania South 2,986,745 Template:Convert 2,533 92 1861
O Novara Novara NO Piedmont North-West 362,925 Template:Convert 271 87 1861
O Nuoro Nuoro NU Sardinia Insular 201,517 Template:Convert 36 74 1927
O Oristano Oristano OR Sardinia Insular 152,418 Template:Convert 51 87 1974
O Padua Padua PD Veneto North-East 932,629 Template:Convert 435 102 1866
M Palermo Palermo PA Sicily Insular 1,208,819 Template:Convert 241 82 1861
O Parma Parma PR Emilia-Romagna North-East 449,628 Template:Convert 130 44 1861
O Pavia Pavia PV Lombardy North-West 535,801 Template:Convert 180 186 1861
O Perugia Perugia PG Umbria Centre 645,506 Template:Convert 102 59 1861
O Pesaro and Urbino Pesaro PU Marche Centre 353,272 Template:Convert 138 50 1861
O Pescara Pescara PE Abruzzo South 313,882 Template:Convert 255 46 1927
O Piacenza Piacenza PC Emilia-Romagna North-East 283,742 Template:Convert 110 46 1861
O Pisa Pisa PI Tuscany Centre 417,983 Template:Convert 171 37 1861
O Pistoia Pistoia PT Tuscany Centre 290,245 Template:Convert 301 20 1927
R Pordenone Pordenone PN Friuli-Venezia Giulia North-East 310,634 Template:Convert 137 50 1968
O Potenza Potenza PZ Basilicata South 352,490 Template:Convert 53 100 1861
O Prato Prato PO Tuscany Centre 265,269 Template:Convert 725 7 1992
F Ragusa Ragusa RG Sicily Insular 314,910 Template:Convert 194 12 1927
O Ravenna Ravenna RA Emilia-Romagna North-East 386,643 Template:Convert 208 18 1861
M Reggio Calabria Reggio Calabria RC Calabria South 523,791 Template:Convert 163 97 1861
O Reggio Emilia Reggio Emilia RE Emilia-Romagna North-East 527,140 Template:Convert 230 42 1861
O Rieti Rieti RI Lazio Centre 151,335 Template:Convert 55 73 1927
O Rimini Rimini RN Emilia-Romagna North-East 337,777 Template:Convert 390 27 1992
M Rome Rome RM Lazio Centre 4,231,451 Template:Convert 789 121 1870
O Rovigo Rovigo RO Veneto North-East 230,763 Template:Convert 127 50 1866
O Salerno Salerno SA Campania South 1,065,967 Template:Convert 215 158 1861
O Sassari Sassari SS Sardinia Insular 476,357 Template:Convert 62 92 1861
O Savona Savona SV Liguria North-West 269,752 Template:Convert 174 69 1927
O Siena Siena SI Tuscany Centre 263,801 Template:Convert 69 35 1861
O Sondrio Sondrio SO Lombardy North-West 178,798 Template:Convert 56 77 1861
O South Sardinia Carbonia SU Sardinia Insular 338,264 Template:Convert 52 107 2016
A South Tyrol Bolzano BZ Trentino-South Tyrol North-East 534,912 Template:Convert 72 116 1927
F Syracuse Syracuse SR Sicily Insular 386,071 Template:Convert 182 21 1861
O Taranto Taranto TA Apulia South 561,958 Template:Convert 228 29 1924
O Teramo Teramo TE Abruzzo South 301,104 Template:Convert 154 47 1861
O Terni Terni TR Umbria Centre 219,946 Template:Convert 103 33 1927
F Trapani Trapani TP Sicily Insular 418,277 Template:Convert 169 25 1861
A Trento Trento TN Trentino-South Tyrol North-East 542,166 Template:Convert 87 166 1923
O Treviso Treviso TV Veneto North-East 880,417 Template:Convert 355 94 1866
R Trieste Trieste TS Friuli-Venezia Giulia North-East 230,689 Template:Convert 1,086 6 1923
M Turin Turin TO Piedmont North-West 2,219,206 Template:Convert 325 312 1861
R Udine Udine UD Friuli-Venezia Giulia North-East 521,117 Template:Convert 105 134 1866
O Varese Varese VA Lombardy North-West 880,093 Template:Convert 734 138 1927
M Venice Venice VE Veneto North-East 843,545 Template:Convert 341 44 1866
O Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Verbania VB Piedmont North-West 154,926 Template:Convert 69 74 1992
O Vercelli Vercelli VC Piedmont North-West 166,584 Template:Convert 80 82 1927
O Verona Verona VR Veneto North-East 927,810 Template:Convert 300 98 1866
O Vibo Valentia Vibo Valentia VV Calabria South 152,193 Template:Convert 146 50 1992
O Vicenza Vicenza VI Veneto North-East 854,962 Template:Convert 314 114 1866
O Viterbo Viterbo VT Lazio Centre 308,830 Template:Convert 85 60 1927
Total Italy — — — — 59,236,213[6] Template:Convert[6] 196[6] 7,904[6] —

Data

Template:Multiple image

  • Sardinia — following the outcome of the regional referendums of 2012 it was decreed that such institutions should be reformed or abolished by March 2013 (thus remaining in office until 28 February 2013).[7] In January 2014 the Sardinian Regional Administrative Court declared "unconstitutional" the abolition of the Sardinian provinces, which occurred in 2013.[8] In 2016, Sardinian provinces were reformed by Sardinia regional executive: Cagliari became a metropolitan city; the provinces Olbia-Tempio, Ogliastra, Medio Campidano, and Carbonia-Iglesias were abolished.[9] In 2017, Regional council of Sardinia approved the institution of a new province, South Sardinia. It was formed by the municipalities of province of Cagliari that did not join to metropolitan city of Cagliari, and those which formed the provinces of Medio Campidano and Carbonia Iglesias.[10]
  • Sicily — provinces were replaced by six free municipal consortia in 2013 and three metropolitan cities in 2015.[11]
  • Friuli-Venezia Giulia — in 2016, the regional council of Friuli-Venezia Giulia approved a law which abolished the four provinces that formed the region, and replaced them by 18 territorial unions of municipalities.[12] In 2019, the regional council of Friuli-Venezia Giulia rebranded the four provinces as the four regional decentralization entities, with their own competences, powers, and capital.[13]
  • Metropolitan cities — in 2015, 14 metropolitan cities replaced the provinces of Bari, Bologna, Cagliari, Catania, Florence, Genoa, Messina, Milan, Naples, Palermo, Reggio Calabria, Rome, Turin, and Venice.

Maps

History

National unification

File:Council room of the Province of Chieti.jpg
Council room of the Province of Chieti built in the first half of the 20th century in Neoclassical style

In 1861, at the birth of the Kingdom of Italy, there were 59 provinces. However, at that time the national territory was smaller than the current one: regions of Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, and Lazio were not included in the kingdom.

In 1866, following the Third Independence War, territories of Veneto, Friuli and Mantua were annexed. There were therefore nine more provinces: Belluno, Mantua, Padua, Rovigo, Treviso, Venice, Verona, Vicenza, and Udine, all previously part of the Austrian Empire. Eventually, in 1870, following the union of Rome and its province from the Papal States, the provinces rose in number to 69.

After the World War I, new territories were annexed to Italy. The province of Trento was created in 1923. Provinces of La Spezia and Trieste in 1923, while Ionio in 1924. In 1924 the new provinces of Fiume, Pola, and Zara were created, increasing the total number of provinces in Italy to 76.

Interwar period

File:Kingdom of Italy 1942 with provinces.svg
Provinces of Italy in 1942 during World War II

In 1927, after a royal charter,[Note 1] a general province rearrangement took place. 17 new provinces were created: Aosta, Vercelli, Varese, Savona, Bolzano, Gorizia, Pistoia, Pescara, Rieti, Terni, Viterbo, Frosinone, Brindisi, Matera, Ragusa, Castrogiovanni, Nuoro. In the same year, the province of Caserta was dissolved, Girgenti was renamed Agrigento, and the institution of Script error: No such module "Lang"., sub-provincial wards created before the unification, was abolished.

In 1930 Spezia became La Spezia, while in 1931 Bari delle Puglie became Bari. Province of Littoria (Latina) was created in 1934, and the province of Asti in 1935. In 1939 the province of Aquila degli Abruzzi became the province of L'Aquila, and in 1940 the province of Friuli was renamed the province of Udine.

Following the annexation of a part of Yugoslavia in 1941, during the World War II, the province of Zara was enlarged and joined the Governorate of Dalmatia (comprising the province of Zara, and the new provinces of Spalato, and Cattaro), while in the occupied central part of the present-day Slovenia the new province of Ljubljana was created. This lasted only until 1945, when Yugoslavia regained the lost territories after the end of the World War II.

After World War II

In 1945, after the end of the World War II, the province of Aosta changed its name to Aosta Valley and Littoria to Latina; the new province of Caserta was recreated.

With the Paris Peace Treaties, signed on 10 February 1947, Italy lost the provinces of Fiume, Pola, and Zara, and part of the provinces of Trieste and Gorizia.

Moreover, the province of Trieste was occupied by United States and British forces. The Italian Republic therefore had 91 provinces at its birth. The province of Ionio was renamed as Taranto in 1951, and in 1954 the province of Trieste was returned to Italy.

Recent history

The province of Pordenone was created in 1968, the province of Isernia in 1970, and the province of Oristano in 1974. In a reorganization in 1992 eight provinces were created: Verbano-Cusio-Ossola, Biella, Lecco, Lodi, Rimini, Prato, Crotone, and Vibo Valentia, while Forlì was renamed as Forlì-Cesena.

Four new provinces were created in Sardinia in 2001, with effect from 2005: Olbia-Tempio, Ogliastra, Medio Campidano, and Carbonia-Iglesias. In 2004 three further provinces were created: Monza and Brianza, Fermo, and Barletta-Andria-Trani, making a total of 110 provinces.

Number of provinces
Year Provinces
1861 59
1866 68
1870 69
1923 75
1924 76
1927 92
1934 93
1935 94
1941 95
1944 94
1945 93
1947 91
1954 92
1968 93
1970 94
1974 95
1992 103
2001 107
2004 110
2016 107

In May 2012, a referendum abolished the eight provinces of Sardinia, and this suppression was to take effect on 1 March 2013. On 6 July 2012, new plans were published to reduce the number of provinces by around half.[14] In January 2014 the Sardinian Regional Administrative Court declared "unconstitutional" the abolition of the Sardinian provinces.[15]

In 2014 the Delrio Law[16] transformed the provinces of Italy in a reduced number of broader administrative entities.[17]

In 2014 the Friuli-Venezia Giulia of Debora Serracchiani was the first Italian region to pass a law for abolishing its provinces, while implementing the national reform in the local administrative level.[17] The Friuli region has multiplied four provinces in 18 unions of the Italian administrative unit called Script error: No such module "Lang"..[18] After rejection of the 2016 Italian constitutional referendum, the provinces of Italy were still kept alive under provisions of the Delrio Constitutional Law to be merged in a smaller number of union of provinces.[19]

Former provinces

Historical abolished provinces

  • Province of Aosta (Italian: Script error: No such module "Lang".) (1927–1945). Became the Autonomous Region of Aosta Valley in 1948.
  • Province of Terra di Lavoro (Italian: Script error: No such module "Lang".) (1861–1927). It was divided into the current provinces of Frosinone, Latina, and Caserta.

Provinces of Istria, Kvarner, and Dalmatia

Provinces established during World War II

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Colonial provinces

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File:Provinces of Italy trend.png
Trend in number of provinces from 1861 to 2010
  • Province of Rhodes (Italian: Script error: No such module "Lang".) (1923–1947) or Italian Aegean Islands (Italian: Script error: No such module "Lang".). It remained nominally a part of the Italian Social Republic after the Italian capitulation.
  • Italian Libya was divided into four provinces and one territory (Southern Military Territory or Territory of Saharan Libya). From 1939 onward the provinces were a part of metropolitan Italy.

Theoretical provinces

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Controversies

File:ITALIAN PROVINCES.png
Provinces as proposed by the Monti Cabinet in 2012

Provinces are often deemed useless by their critics, and many proposals were made in the 2010s to eliminate them.[21][22][23] The difficulty of changing the Constitution of Italy and the opposition of groups of politicians and citizens halted any proposal of reform.[24][25]

In 2013, during his speech to the Chamber of Deputies, Enrico Letta, the newly appointed Prime Minister of Italy, announced that a revision of the second part of the constitution was needed, in order to change the bicameral parliamentary system and to abolish the provinces. The proposal, presented during the Renzi government, was rejected in the 2016 Italian constitutional referendum held on 4 December.

See also

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Notes

Template:Reflist

References

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Template:Italy topics Template:Articles on second-level administrative divisions of European countries Template:Authority control

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  5. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named tuttitalia
  6. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Legge 24 marzo 2014, n. 8. Gazzetta Ufficiale della Regione Siciliana (in Italian). Published 28 March 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Legge regionale 29 novembre 2019, n. 21. Friuli-Venezia Giulia: Leggi e regolamenti (in Italian). Published 29 November 2019. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ a b Called "enti territoriali di area vasta". See Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".


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