Order of the Lion of Finland
(Redirected from Pro Finlandia)
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The Order of the Lion of Finland (Template:Langx; Template:Langx) is one of three official orders in Finland, along with the Order of the Cross of Liberty and the Order of the White Rose of Finland. The President of Finland is the Grand Master of all three orders. The orders are administered by boards consisting of a chancellor, a vice-chancellor and at least four members. The orders of the White Rose of Finland and the Lion of Finland have a joint board. The President of Finland wears the Star of the Order of the Lion of Finland.
History
The Order of the Lion of Finland was established on September 11, 1942.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". At that time, Finland was waging the Continuation War. Wartime diplomacy included a heightened need to decorate, particularly foreigners from aligned countries, chiefly Germany. The existing Finnish orders, the Order of the Cross of Liberty and the Order of the White Rose of Finland, could not keep up with the decorations and their highest grades were in danger to become inflated due to too many holders. The Order of the Lion of Finland was thus established to allow the continuation of decorating foreigners with high ranks in Finnish orders,Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". although the Order of the Lion of Finland can also be awarded to Finnish nationals.[1] The new order also allowed for more flexible decorations, taking in account the rank and achievements of the recipients.[2]
In January 1998 President Martti Ahtisaari was criticized by some NGOs, politicians and notable cultural figures because he awarded Commander of the Order of the Lion of Finland to Djamaludin Suryohadikusumo, the Forest Minister of Indonesia, and to Sukanto Tanoto, the main owner of the Indonesian RGM Company, a parent company of the April Company. The April Company was criticized by non-governmental organisations for destroying rainforests, and Indonesia itself was criticized heavily for human right violations, especially in East Timor. Ahtisaari's party chairman Erkki Tuomioja said that giving the medals was questionable, since he feared the act may tarnish the public image of Finnish human rights policy. Students of the arts had demonstrations in Helsinki against the decision to give medals.[3][4] Artist Template:Ill and author Leena Krohn returned their Pro Finlandia medals to protest the Indonesian decorations.[5]
Finnish Olympic and Paralympic medalists are awarded Knight or Knight, First Class, with clasps.[6]
Ambassadors accredited to Helsinki leaving their post are given the Grand Cross provided that their country also awards medals reciprocally.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Classes
The classes of the Order of the Lion of Finland are:
- File:FIN Order of the Lion of Finland 1Class BAR.svg Commander Grand Cross of the Order of the Lion of Finland
- File:FIN Order of the Lion of Finland 2Class BAR.svg Commander, First Class, of the Order of the Lion of Finland
- File:FIN Order of the Lion of Finland 3Class BAR.svg Commander of the Order of the Lion of Finland
- File:FIN Order of the Lion of Finland Pro-Finlandia BAR.png Pro Finlandia Medal of the Order of the Lion of Finland (awarded to artists and writers)
- File:FIN Order of the Lion of Finland 4Class BAR.svg Knight, First Class, of the Order of the Lion of Finland
- File:FIN Order of the Lion of Finland 5Class BAR.svg Knight of the Order of the Lion of Finland
- File:FIN Order of the Lion of Finland 5Class BAR.svg Cross of Merit of the Order of the Lion of Finland
Recipients
Grand Cross
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- Template:Flagicon Risto Ryti (1942)Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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- Template:Flagicon Christopher G. Cavoli (2025)
See also
References
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Works cited
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Further reading
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External links
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- 11.9.1942/747 Decree. On the establishment of the Order of the Lion of Finland. Finlex.
- ritarikunnat.fi
- The Office of the President of the Republic of Finland (Decorations)