Order of the White Rose of Finland

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The Order of the White Rose of Finland (Template:Langx; Template:Langx) is one of three official orders in Finland, along with the Order of the Cross of Liberty, and the Order of the Lion of Finland. The President of Finland is the Grand Master of all three orders. The orders are administered by boards consisting of a chancellor, a vice-chancellor and at least four members. The orders of the White Rose of Finland and the Lion of Finland have a joint board.

History

The Order of the White Rose of Finland was established by Gustaf Mannerheim in his capacity as regent (temporary head of state) on January 28, 1919.[1][2] The name comes from the victory of the White side in the Finnish Civil War 1918 and from the heraldic rose, of which there are nine argent ones on the coat of arms of Finland.Template:Sfn The order's rules and regulations were confirmed on May 16, 1919,Template:Sfn and its present rules date from June 1, 1940. The revised scale of ranks was confirmed most recently in 1985. The original decorations were designed by Akseli Gallen-Kallela. The swastikas of the collar were replaced by fir crosses in 1963, designed by heraldic artist Gustaf von Numers. The honour can be granted for military as well as civilian merit.

Insignia

The ribbon for all classes is ultramarine, as it is found in the flag of Finland, although officially the statutes do not define the color of the ribbon beyond it being "dark blue".Template:Sfn The motto of the order appears on the medallion and is Template:Langnf.[3][4]

The President of Finland wears the Grand Cross of the White Rose of Finland with Collar (a neck chain). The Collar is worn four centimetres from either side and hangs at equal distances at the front and back. The Grand Cross and Commander marks are awarded with a breast star.

Classes

File:Whiterosediploma.jpg
Diploma of the order

The classes of the order of the White Rose of Finland are:

Recipients

Generally the Grand Cross with Collar is awarded only to foreign heads of state, e.g. to King Fuad I of Egypt (1935), Charles de Gaulle (1962), Josip Broz Tito (1963) and King Birendra of Nepal (1988). In the case of royals, consorts may be awarded with it. Heirs apparent of Nordic monarchies have also been awarded.Template:Sfn The Grand Master may however in principle award it at his pleasure.[5] During World War II Hermann Göring and Joachim von Ribbentrop were exceptionally given the Grand Cross with Collar because Adolf Hitler would not receive orders.Template:Sfn

Prime ministers of Finland customarily receive the Grand Cross. Certain leftist politicians refused the cross or did not wear it, and the transient term in office of Anneli Jäätteenmäki did not lead to the president awarding the cross.[6] The Grand Cross is also given to presidents of the Supreme Court and the Supreme Administrative Court, the Archbishop of Turku and Finland, and the Chancellor of the order.Template:Sfn

Recipients list

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Selected recipients of the Order of the White Rose of Finland
Year Commander Notes
1919 Template:Flagicon Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim Regent of Finland (1918–1919)
Commander-in-Chief of the Finnish Defence Forces (1918, 1939–1946)
President of Finland (1944–1946)
1926 Template:Flagicon Ernesto Burzagli
1930 Template:Flagicon Tomáš Masaryk President of Czechoslovakia
1931 Template:Flagicon Miklós Horthy Regent of Hungary
1934 Template:Flagicon Shaul Tchernichovsky
Template:Flagicon Gladys Wright "for her contribution to improving relations between Britain and Finland."[7]
1939 Template:Flagicon Walther von Brauchitsch
1941 File:Flag of Canada (1921–1957).svg Dean Driscoll for services "toward relieving the civilian population of wartorn Finland".[8]
Template:Flagicon Hermann Göring politician, military leader
Template:Flagicon Eduard Dietl
Template:Flagicon Josef Veltjens
1942 Template:Flagicon Joachim von Ribbentrop
Template:Flagicon Hirohito Emperor of Japan[9]
Template:Flagicon Ion Antonescu
1944 Template:Flagicon Norman Cameron Moore [10]
1947 Template:Flagicon Earl Wagner Twitchell
1951 Template:Flagicon Bernard Aabel in 1948 Aabel became the Assistant Military Attaché in Helsinki, Finland[11]
1955 Template:Flagicon Sir Thomas Beecham [12]
1956 Template:Flagicon Kliment Voroshilov [13][14]
1960 Template:Flagicon Jarl Lindfors
1961 Template:Flagicon Maggie Gripenberg [15]
1962 Template:Flagicon Charles de Gaulle [9]
1963 Template:Flagicon Josip Broz Tito
Template:Flagicon Koča Popović
1967 Template:Flagicon Gamal Abdel Nasser [16]
Template:Flagicon Zoltán Kodály
Template:Flagicon Greta Kukkonen first wife of actor Gregory Peck
Template:Flagicon Colonel Wayne J. Moe US Army Attaché
1969 Template:Flagicon Anne, Princess Royal
1971 Template:Flagicon Olli Mannermaa
Template:Flagicon Arthur Lydiard
1974 Template:Flagicon Carl XVI Gustaf King of Sweden[9]
1976 Template:Flagicon Leonid Brezhnev [9]
1978 Template:Flagicon Dmitriy Ustinov Marshal of the Soviet Union
1983 Template:Flagicon Leo Kyntäjä
Template:Flagicon Walter Werronen
1984 Template:Flagicon Arthur J. Collingsworth
1988 Template:Flagicon Ensio Seppänen
Template:Flagicon Birendra Bir Bikram Shah late king of Nepal[9]
1991 Template:Flagicon Margareta Steinby [17]
1996 Template:Flagicon Bhumibol Adulyadej King of Thailand
2003 Template:Flagicon "Andrew Wilkinson"
2004 Template:Flagicon Elwin Svenson Executive Director – International Programs, FEMBA/GAP programs, UCLA Anderson School of Management[18]
"for assisting the expansion of Finnish start-up companies through the UCLA Anderson's Global Access Program."[18]
Template:Flagicon Kalervo Kummola Knight of the Order of White Rose of Finland, ice hockey executive, businessman, and politician[19]
Template:Flagicon Dáithí O'Ceallaigh
Template:Flagicon Viktor Pylypenko historian
2005 Template:Flagicon Kostiantyn Tyshchenko philologist, linguist
2006 Template:Flagicon Erkki Oja [20]
2007 Template:Flagicon James Cathey
Template:Flagicon Rada Borić [21][22]
2008 Template:Flagicon Timothy Rodd Purcell Chairman of Finland Australia Chamber of Commerce
Template:Flagicon Jim Gilleran Managing Director – Finnforest USA
Template:Flagicon Simon Beresford-Wylie Chief Executive Officer, Nokia Siemens Networks
2009 Template:Flagicon Mart Laar
Template:Flagicon Nursultan Nazarbayev President of Kazakhstan[23]
Template:Flagicon Bashar al-Assad [24]
2010 Template:Flagicon Rajendra Kumar Pachauri
2011 Template:Flagicon Henry Tirri Former executive vice president and CTO of Nokia. Henry was a tenured professor of computer science at the University of Helsinki. Henry holds a Ph.D. in computer science from the University of Helsinki, Finland and an honorary doctorate from University of Tampere, Finland.
Template:Flagicon Bob Foster Professor, Director – GAP, UCLA Anderson School of Management[25]
"in recognition of his efforts, through the GAP program, to help Finnish technology companies expand into markets abroad, including the United States"[26] and their advancement "further in corporate development."[25]
2012 Template:Flagicon Sauli Niinistö President of Finland (2012–2024)
Template:Flagicon Armi Kuusela Miss Universe 1952
2015 Template:Flagicon Anna-Maja Henriksson [27]
Template:Flagicon Tapani Jyrki Tarvainen [28] Chevalier (Knight) of the White Rose of Finland
2016 Template:Flagicon Pauline Kiltinen Cross of Merit of the Order of the White Rose for the promotion of Finnish culture including the commissioning Rockland the Opera[29]
2017 Template:Flagicon Helena Yli-Renko [30]
2021 Template:Flagicon David Yoken [31]
2022 Template:Flagicon Hanna Vehkamäki
Template:Flagicon Sanna Marin
2024 Template:Flagicon Alexander Stubb President of Finland (2024–)
Template:Flagicon Alar Karis President of Estonia (2021–)
2025 Template:Flagicon Frederik X King of Denmark (2024-)
Template:Flagicon Volodymyr Zelenskyy President of Ukraine (2019–), Grand Cross with Collar[32]

Special honors

See also

References

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  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Matthew, H. C. G.; Harrison, B.; Goldman, L., eds. (23 September 2004). "The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. ref:odnb/93577. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/93577. Retrieved 10 May 2023. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  8. ↑ "Letter transmitting Order of White Rose", www.ancestry.com, accessed 22 Sep 2015 [1]
  9. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ For services to the Finnish Government as Naval Adviser 1934-39
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".  – via Oxford University Press's Reference Online Template:Link note
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ a b Carrillo, Sandybeth, "Vice chancellor emeritus receives recognition overseas: Finland awards Svenson for work with international Anderson program", Daily Bruin, UCLA, 2005 January 10.
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Press release, UCLA Anderson School of Management, 2011 December 20.
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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Works cited

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Further reading

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External links

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