Privileged partnership

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Privileged partnership is a generic term for increased cooperation between the European Union and a non-EU country to advance common goals,[1] often without pursuing EU membership.[2][3][4]

History

The term was initially used to describe an alternative to EU membership for Turkey that was first floated in November 2002 by Heinrich August Winkler in Die Zeit[5] and later formally proposed in 2004,[6][7] although the term was used previously in 2003 to describe a proposed relationship with Russia[8] and was also used in 2004 for a proposed relationship with Israel.[9]

Since that time, the term has been used for alternatives for EU membership for Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, North Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro, and Kosovo.[10] It has since been used retrospectively to characterize relationships with the countries[11][12][13] considered in 2004 for the European Neighbourhood Policy that were first proposed in the Commission Communication of March 2003,[14] and is also used for the EU's bilateral relationship with Tunisia[15][16][17] and with Russia.[18]

Ultimately, the term dates back to 1957 when it was used to characterize Morocco's relationship with the European Economic Community.[19]

By country

Albania

The term was used for a proposed alternative to EU membership for Albania.[10]

Algeria

The term has been used for the proposed relationship with the countries considered in 2004 for the European Neighbourhood Policy, including Algeria.[13]

Armenia

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The term has been used for the proposed relationship with the countries considered in 2004 for the European Neighbourhood Policy, including Armenia.[13]

Azerbaijan

The term has been used for the proposed relationship with the countries considered in 2004 for the European Neighbourhood Policy, including Azerbaijan.[13]

Belarus

The term has been used for the proposed relationship with the countries considered in 2004 for the European Neighbourhood Policy, including Belarus.[13]

Bosnia and Herzegovina

The term was used for a proposed alternative to EU membership for Bosnia and Herzegovina.[10]

Croatia

The term was used for a proposed alternative to EU membership for Croatia. The option was dropped in favor of full membership. Croatia joined the union in July 2013.[10]

Egypt

The term has been used for the proposed relationship with the countries considered in 2004 for the European Neighbourhood Policy, including Egypt.[13]

North Macedonia

The term was used for a proposed alternative to EU membership for North Macedonia.[10]

Georgia

The term has been used for the proposed relationship with the countries considered in 2004 for the European Neighbourhood Policy, including Georgia.[13]

Israel

The term was used by Spanish foreign minister Miguel Ángel Moratinos, who spoke out for a "privileged partnership, offering all the benefits of EU membership, without participation in the institutions" for Israel.[9] It was also used for the proposed relationship with the countries considered in 2004 for the European Neighbourhood Policy, including Israel.[13]

Jordan

The term has been used for the proposed relationship with the countries considered in 2004 for the European Neighbourhood Policy, including Jordan.[13]

Kosovo

The term was used for a proposed alternative to EU membership for Kosovo.[10]

Lebanon

The term has been used for the proposed relationship with the countries considered in 2004 for the European Neighbourhood Policy, including Lebanon.[13]

Libya

The term has been used for the proposed relationship with the countries considered in 2004 for the European Neighbourhood Policy, including Libya.[13]

Moldova

The term has been used for the proposed relationship with the countries considered in 2004 for the European Neighbourhood Policy, including Moldova.[13]

Morocco

The term has been used for the proposed relationship with the countries considered in 2004 for the European Neighbourhood Policy, including Morocco.[13]

Palestine

The term has been used for the proposed relationship with the countries considered in 2004 for the European Neighbourhood Policy, including the Palestinian Authority.[13]

Russia

French President Jacques Chirac used the term for a proposed Russia-EU relationship at the Russia-EU summit in 2003.[8]

Serbia and Montenegro

The term was used for a proposed alternative to EU membership for Serbia and Montenegro.[10]

Syria

The term has been used for the proposed relationship with the countries considered in 2004 for the European Neighbourhood Policy, including Syria.[13]

Tunisia

The term has been used for the proposed relationship with the countries considered in 2004 for the European Neighbourhood Policy, including Tunisia.[13]

Turkey

Privileged partnership (Template:Langx) was the term used by Angela Merkel in February 2004[6] to describe a future relationship between Turkey and the European Union which fell short of full membership. The proposal was advanced by CDU/CSU members.[7]

Ukraine

The term has been used for the proposed relationship with the countries considered in 2004 for the European Neighbourhood Policy, including Ukraine.[13]

United Kingdom

The term was used by Jacques Delors for a proposed relationship between the European Union and the United Kingdom should it exit the EU.[20]

See also

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ a b "WHAT IS PRIVILEGED PARTNERSHIP FOR?", Diplomatic Observer, 16 July 2009, see hereTemplate:Category handler[<span title="Script error: No such module "string".">usurped]Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  7. ↑ a b "Preserving Europe : Offer Turkey a privileged partnership instead" By Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg, Wednesday, 15 December 2004, see here
  8. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ a b c d e f g Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ "COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION, European Neighbourhood Policy STRATEGY PAPER, Brussels, 12.5.2004 COM(2004) 373 final see here
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ "EU-Tunisia: privileged partnership in November, Barroso says: Fule and Bettaieb sign financial aid plans for health, justice" 02 OCTOBER, 19:13, ANSAMed, see here
  16. ↑ "Tunisia to become Privileged Partner to European Union", Hend Hassassi, 29 October 2012, see here Template:Webarchive
  17. ↑ "Tunisia’s Privileged Partnership With the European Union", Nadya B’Chir. Translated from Business News (Tunisia), November 2012 see here Template:Webarchive
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ "Neighborhood and Enlargement Policy: Comparing the Democratization Impact of the European Union in Morocco and Turkey", Martina Warning, WP 4/2006, CIRES (Italian Research Centre for European Studies), see here Template:Webarchive
  20. ↑ "Britain could leave EU, says Jacques Delors", 28/12/2012, from France 24, see here

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Template:Country topics

Template:Foreign relations of the European Union Template:Portal bar

Retrieved from "http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?title=Privileged_partnership&oldid=993156"