Primula farinosa

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Primula farinosa, the bird's-eye primrose, is a small perennial plant in the family Primulaceae, native to Northern Europe and further south at high altitudes in the mountains of southern Europe. It is also widespread in northern and central Asia. This primrose thrives on grazed meadows rich in lime and moisture.

Description

Bird's-eye primrose is a herbaceous plant with a flowering stem that may reach Script error: No such module "convert".. However, like all primulas its leaves are all basal, attached directly to the base of the plant. Their leaves can measure Script error: No such module "convert". long by 3 to 20 millimeters wide. Their shape ranges from oblanceolate to elliptical with a wide angled end and smooth or finely toothed edges. Plants can be farinose, covered in powder, or lack it, but are usually at least farinose on the underside of the leaves.[1] The mealy powder ranges in color from white to sulfur.[2]

The inflorescence it atop a scape, a leafless stem, that will measure 3 to 20 cm tall with two to twenty flowers. The flowers are between 8 and 16 mm in diameter and are usually lilac-pink, but can occasionally be white or purple.[1]

Taxonomy

Primula farinosa was given its scientific name by Linnaeus in 1753. It is classified as part of the genus Primula in the family Primulaceae.[3] It is a diploid species that is most closely related to Primula scotica.[4] It has no recognized subspecies or varieties, but it has Template:Table row counter synonyms.[3]

Table of Synonyms
Name Year Rank Notes
Aleuritia farinosa (L.) OpizScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1839 species ≡ hom.
Aleuritia farinosa subsp. alpigena (O.Schwarz) SojákScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1979 subspecies = het.
Androsace farinosa (L.) Spreng.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1815 species ≡ hom.
Cankrienia farinosa (L.) Zoll.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1854 species ≡ hom.
Primula altaica Lehm.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1817 species = het.
Primula davurica Lehm.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1817 species = het., nom. illeg.
Primula exaltata Lehm.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1817 species = het.
Primula farinosa f. alba (H.Hara) T.Yamaz.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 2003 form = het.
Primula farinosa subvar. albiflora DruceScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1917 subvariety = het.
Primula farinosa subsp. alpigena O.SchwarzScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1968 subspecies = het.
Primula farinosa var. americana Torr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1824 variety = het.
Primula farinosa var. chrysophylla Trautv. & C.A.Mey.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1856 variety = het.
Primula farinosa var. commutata BehmScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1887 variety = het.
Primula farinosa f. exscapa Wahlenb.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1824 form = het.
Primula farinosa var. genuina PaxScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1888 variety ≡ hom., not validly publ.
Primula farinosa var. koreana T.Yamaz.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 2003 variety = het.
Primula farinosa var. leucophylla Trautv. & C.A.Mey.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1856 variety = het.
Primula farinosa var. nana E.S.Arnold & A.J.RichardsScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 2002 variety = het.
Primula farinosa f. nivea (H.Hara) T.Yamaz.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 2003 form = het.
Primula farinosa var. pygmaea GaudinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1828 variety = het.
Primula farinosa var. stricta Wahlenb.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1824 variety = het.
Primula farinosa subsp. xanthophylla (Trautv. & C.A.Mey.) Kitag.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1939 subspecies = het.
Primula farinosa var. xanthophylla Trautv. & C.A.Mey.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1856 variety = het.
Primula gigantea Lehm.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1817 species = het., nom. illeg.
Primula lepida DubyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1844 species = het.
Primula modesta f. alba H.HaraScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1948 form = het.
Primula modesta f. nivea H.HaraScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1948 form = het.
Primula undulata Fisch. ex Rchb.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1827 species = het.
Primula warei SteinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1882 species = het.
Notes: ≡ homotypic synonym ; = heterotypic synonym

Range and habitat

File:137 Primula farinosa.jpg
Early 20th century illustration of bird's-eye primrose by botanist Carl Axel Magnus Lindman.

Primula farinosa is widespread in Europe and Asia according to Plants of the World Online. In Europe it is native as far west as Spain, France, and Great Britain. It grows in central and southern Europe including Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Austria, Hungary, Czechia, Slovakia, and Poland. In northern Europe it is found in Denmark, Sweden, Finland, and the Baltic States.[3] It is listed as locally extinct in Czechia by the IUCN. In the southeast it is part of the flora of Croatia, Bulgaria, Romania, and Ukraine.[5] In European Russia it grows in the northwest, north, and east. [3] On the Novaya Zemlya archipelago it reaches 72° N.[6]

In Asia it is native as far south as the central Asian states of Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, and Tadzhikistan. It grows in all Asian Russia from western Siberia to the Magadan Oblast and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. It also grows on the Russian controlled Kuril Islands. To the south it is found in Mongolia and two parts of China, Manchuria and Inner Mongolia.[3]

The species favors alkaline soils and is found in marshes, peatlands, and damp meadows.[1][2] It tends to be found in mountainous areas.[1]

References

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