List of prime ministers of Czechoslovakia

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates The prime minister of Czechoslovakia (Template:Langx, Template:Langx) was the head of government of Czechoslovakia, from the creation of the First Czechoslovak Republic in 1918 until the dissolution of the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic on 1 January 1993.

During periods when the post of the president of Czechoslovakia was vacant, the prime minister took on most presidential duties. However, the Czechoslovak constitutions do not define anything like a post of acting president.

Prime ministers of Czechoslovakia (1918–1992)

Political parties

  Czechoslovak National Democracy (ČsND)

  Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party (ČSSD)

  Republican Party of Farmers and Peasants (RSZML)

  Party of National Unity (SNJ)

  Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ)

  Civic Democratic Union (ODÚ)

  Civic Democratic Party (ODS)

Other factions

  Independent

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Ethnicity	Term of office			Political party		Cabinet	Ref.
				Took office	Left office	Time in office
First Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1938)
–	File:Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk 1925.PNG	Tomáš Masaryk (1850–1937)	Czech	14 October 1918	14 November 1918	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color"|	Independent	Template:Ill
1	File:Karel Kramář 1920s.jpg	Karel Kramář (1860–1937)	Czech	14 November 1918	8 July 1919	Template:Ayd		Template:Ill	Template:Ill
							style="background:Template:Party color"|	Czechoslovak National Democracy
2	File:Vlastimil Tusar.jpg	Vlastimil Tusar (1880–1924)	Czech	8 July 1919	15 September 1920	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color"|	Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party	Template:Ill–Template:Ill
3	File:Jan Černý.jpg	Jan Černý (1874–1959)	Czech	15 September 1920	26 September 1921	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color"|	Independent	Template:Ill
4	File:Edvard Beneš.jpg	Edvard Beneš (1884–1948)	Czech	26 September 1921	7 October 1922	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color"|	Independent	Template:Ill
5	File:Antonín Švehla.jpg	Antonín Švehla (1873–1933)	Czech	7 October 1922	18 March 1926	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color"|	Republican Party of Farmers and Peasants	Template:Ill–Template:Ill
(3)	File:Jan Černý.jpg	Jan Černý (1874–1959)	Czech	18 March 1926	12 October 1926	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color"|	Independent	Template:Ill
(5)	File:Antonín Švehla.jpg	Antonín Švehla (1873–1933)	Czech	12 October 1926	1 February 1929	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color"|	Republican Party of Farmers and Peasants	Template:Ill
6	File:František Udržal.jpg	František Udržal (1866–1938)	Czech	1 February 1929	24 October 1932	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color"|	Republican Party of Farmers and Peasants	Template:Ill–Template:Ill
7	File:Jan Malypetr.jpg	Jan Malypetr (1873–1947)	Czech	24 October 1932	5 November 1935	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color"|	Republican Party of Farmers and Peasants	Template:Ill–Template:Ill–Template:Ill
8	File:Milan Hodža, foto 1935.jpg	Milan Hodža (1878–1944)	Slovak	5 November 1935	22 September 1938	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color"|	Republican Party of Farmers and Peasants	Template:Ill–Template:Ill–Template:Ill
Second Czechoslovak Republic (1938–1939)
9	File:Jan Syrový.jpg	Jan Syrový (1888–1970)	Czech	22 September 1938	1 December 1938	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color"|	Independent	Template:Ill–Template:Ill
10	File:R. Beran.JPG	Rudolf Beran (1887–1954)	Czech	1 December 1938	15 March 1939	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color"|	Party of National Unity	Template:Ill
Occupation (1939–1945) File:Greater arms of Bohemia and Moravia (1939-1945).svg Alois Eliáš became Prime Minister of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, a de iure autonomous region incorporated into Nazi Germany. File:Middle coat of arms of Czechoslovakia.svg Jan Šrámek became Prime Minister within the Czechoslovak government-in-exile, which was the government of Czechoslovakia recognized by the Allies during World War II. File:Coat of Arms of the Slovak State (1939-1945).svg Vojtech Tuka became Prime Minister of the quasi-independent, pro-Nazi and clero-fascist Slovak Republic. File:Karptska Ukraina COA.svg Template:Interlanguage link became Prime Minister of the Carpatho-Ukraine few days before invasion and occupation by the Kingdom of Hungary.
Third Czechoslovak Republic (1945–1948)
11	File:Zdeněk Fierlinger 1932 (cropped).jpg	Zdeněk Fierlinger (1891–1976)	Czech	5 April 1945	2 July 1946	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color"|	Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party	Template:Ill–Template:Ill
12	File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R90009, Budapest, II. Weltfestspiele, Festumzug, tschechische Delegation (cropped KG).jpg	Klement Gottwald (1896–1953)	Czech	2 July 1946	15 June 1948	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color"|	Communist Party of Czechoslovakia	Template:Ill–Template:Ill
Communist Era (1948–1989) Czechoslovak Republic (1948–1960), Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1960–1989)
13	File:Portret Antonín Zápotocký, Bestanddeelnr 902-7903.jpg	Antonín Zápotocký (1884–1957)	Czech	15 June 1948	14 March 1953	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color"|	Communist Party of Czechoslovakia	Template:Ill
14	File:Viliam Siroky.jpg	Viliam Široký (1902–1971)	Slovak	14 March 1953	20 September 1963	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color"|	Communist Party of Czechoslovakia	Template:Ill–Template:Ill–Template:Ill
15	File:Josef Lenárt (Obrana lidu, May 1971).png	Jozef Lenárt (1923–2004)	Slovak	20 September 1963	8 April 1968	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color"|	Communist Party of Czechoslovakia	Template:Ill
16	File:Oldřich Černík.png	Oldřich Černík (1921–1994)	Czech	8 April 1968	28 January 1970	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color"|	Communist Party of Czechoslovakia	Template:Ill–Template:Ill–Template:Ill
17	File:Lubomír Štrougal - P1059081.jpg	Lubomír Štrougal (1924–2023)	Czech	28 January 1970	12 October 1988	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color"|	Communist Party of Czechoslovakia	Template:Ill–Template:Ill–Template:Ill–Template:Ill–Template:Ill–Template:Ill
18	File:No image.png	Ladislav Adamec (1926–2007)	Czech	12 October 1988	7 December 1989	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color"|	Communist Party of Czechoslovakia	Template:Ill
Post–Communist Era (1989–1992) Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1989–1990), Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (1990–1992)
19	File:No image.png	Marián Čalfa (born 1946)	Slovak	7 December 1989	2 July 1992	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color"|	Communist Party of Czechoslovakia	Template:Ill–Template:Ill
							style="background:Template:Party color"|	Public Against Violence Civic Democratic Union
20	File:Strasky.jpg	Jan Stráský (1940–2019)	Czech	2 July 1992	31 December 1992	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color"|	Civic Democratic Party	Template:Ill

Timeline

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id:Independent value:rgb(0.8,0.8,0.8) legend: Independent
id:CsND        value:brightblue       legend: Czechoslovak_National_Democracy
id:CSSD        value:redorange        legend: Czechoslovak_Social_Democratic_Party
id:RSZML       value:teal             legend: Republican_Party_of_Farmers_and_Peasants
id:SNJ         value:darkblue         legend: Party_of_National_Unity
id:KSC         value:red              legend: Communist_Party_of_Czechoslovakia
id:VPN-ODU     value:purple           legend: Public_Against_Violence_/_Civic_Democratic_Union
id:ODS         value:oceanblue        legend: Civic_Democratic_Party

 id:gray1  value:gray(0.85)
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DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1918 till:01/01/1993 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:5 start:1920 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:gray2 unit:year increment:1 start:1918

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  from: 14/10/1918 till: 14/11/1918 color:Independent text:"Masaryk (acting)" fontsize:10
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  from: 14/11/1918 till: 08/07/1919 color:CsND        text:"Kramář" fontsize:10
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  from: 08/07/1919 till: 15/09/1920 color:CSSD        text:"Tusar" fontsize:10
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  from: 15/09/1920 till: 26/09/1921 color:Independent
  from: 18/03/1926 till: 12/10/1926 color:Independent text:"Černý" fontsize:10
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  from: 26/09/1921 till: 07/10/1922 color:Independent text:"Beneš" fontsize:10
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  from: 07/10/1922 till: 18/03/1926 color:RSZML
  from: 12/10/1926 till: 01/02/1929 color:RSZML       text:"Švehla" fontsize:10
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  from: 01/02/1929 till: 24/10/1932 color:RSZML       text:"Udržal" fontsize:10
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  from: 24/10/1932 till: 05/11/1935 color:RSZML       text:"Malypetr" fontsize:10
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  from: 05/11/1935 till: 22/09/1938 color:RSZML       text:"Hodža" fontsize:10
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  from: 22/09/1938 till: 01/12/1938 color:Independent text:"Syrový" fontsize:10
 bar:11
  from: 01/12/1938 till: 15/03/1939 color:SNJ         text:"Beran" fontsize:10
 bar:12
  from: 05/04/1945 till: 02/07/1946 color:CSSD        text:"Fierlinger" fontsize:10
 bar:13
  from: 02/07/1946 till: 15/06/1948 color:KSC         text:"Gottwald" fontsize:10
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  from: 15/06/1948 till: 14/03/1953 color:KSC         text:"Zápotocký" fontsize:10
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  from: 14/03/1953 till: 20/09/1963 color:KSC         text:"Široký" fontsize:10
 bar:16
  from: 20/09/1963 till: 08/04/1968 color:KSC         text:"Lenárt" fontsize:10
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  from: 08/04/1968 till: 28/01/1970 color:KSC         text:"Černík" fontsize:10
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  from: 28/01/1970 till: 12/10/1988 color:KSC         text:"Štrougal" fontsize:10
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  from: 12/10/1988 till: 07/12/1989 color:KSC         text:"Adamec" fontsize:10
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  from: 07/12/1989 till: 18/01/1990 color:KSC
  from: 18/01/1990 till: 02/07/1992 color:VPN-ODU     text:"Čalfa" fontsize:10
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  from: 02/07/1992 till: 31/12/1992 color:ODS         text:"Stráský" fontsize:10

</timeline>

See also

• List of heads of the Czech state
  • List of Bohemian monarchs
  • Lists of political office-holders in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
  • List of presidents of Czechoslovakia
  • President of the Czech Republic
    • List of presidents of the Czech Republic
  • Prime Minister of the Czech Republic
    • List of prime ministers of the Czech Republic
  • President of Slovakia
  • Prime Minister of Slovakia
• List of Czech presidential pets