Prime Minister of Yugoslavia
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The prime minister of Yugoslavia (Template:Lang-sh-Cyrl-Latn) was the head of government of the Yugoslav state, from the creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918 until the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1992.
History
Kingdom of Yugoslavia
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The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was created by the unification of the Kingdom of Serbia (Montenegro had united with Serbia five days previously, while the regions of Kosovo and Metohija, Baranya, Syrmia, Banat, Bačka and Vardar Macedonia were parts of Serbia prior to the unification) and the provisional State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (itself formed from territories of the former Austria-Hungary) on 1 December 1918.
Until 6 January 1929, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was a parliamentary monarchy. On that day, King Alexander I abolished the Vidovdan Constitution (adopted in 1921), prorogued the National Assembly and introduced a personal dictatorship (so-called 6 January Dictatorship).[1] He renamed the country Kingdom of Yugoslavia on 3 October 1929, and although introduced the 1931 Constitution, he continued to rule as a de facto absolute monarch until his assassination on 9 October 1934, during a state visit to France. After his assassination, parliamentary monarchy was put back in place.
The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was defeated and occupied on 17 April 1941 after the German invasion. The monarchy was formally abolished and the republic proclaimed on 29 November 1945.
SFR Yugoslavia
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After the German invasion and fragmentation of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the Partisan resistance in occupied Yugoslavia formed a deliberative council, the Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ) in 1942. On 29 November 1943 the AVNOJ proclaimed the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia, and appointed the National Committee for the Liberation of Yugoslavia (NKOJ), led by Prime Minister Josip Broz Tito, as its government. Josip Broz Tito was quickly recognized by the Allies at the Tehran Conference, and the royalist government-in-exile in London was pressured into agreeing on a merge with the NKOJ. In order to facilitate this, Ivan Šubašić was appointed by the King to head the London government.
For a period, Yugoslavia had two recognized prime ministers and governments (which both agreed to formally merge as soon as possible): Josip Broz Tito leading the NKOJ in occupied Yugoslavia, and Ivan Šubašić leading the King's government-in-exile in London. With the Tito-Šubašić Agreement in 1944, the two prime ministers agreed that the new joint government would be led by Tito. After the liberation of Yugoslavia's capital Belgrade in October 1944, the joint government was officially formed on 2 November 1944, with Josip Broz Tito as the prime minister.
After the war, elections were held ending in an overwhelming victory for Tito's People's Front. The new parliament deposed King Peter II on 29 November 1945, and declared a Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (in 1963, the state was renamed Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia). The government was first headed by a prime minister up to 14 January 1953, when major decentralization reforms reorganized the government into the Federal Executive Council chaired by a President, who was still usually called "Prime Minister" in non-Yugoslav sources. Josip Broz Tito held the post from 1944 to 1963; from 1953 onward, he was also President of the Republic.
Five out of nine heads of government of Yugoslavia in this period were of Croatian ethnicity. Three were from Croatia itself (Josip Broz Tito, Mika Špiljak, and Milka Planinc), while two were Bosnian Croats (Branko Mikulić and Ante Marković). Ante Marković however, though a Croat from Bosnia and Herzegovina by birth, was a politician of Croatia like Špiljak and Planinc, serving (at different times) as both prime minister and president of the presidency of that federal unit.
List
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Timeline
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id:Independent value:rgb(0.8,0.8,0.8) legend: Independent id:NRS value:rgb(0.31,0.39,0.81) legend: People's_Radical_Party id:DS value:yelloworange legend: Democratic_Party id:SLS value:kelleygreen legend: Slovene_People's_Party id:JNS value:rgb(0.3,0.3,0.3) legend: Yugoslav_Radical_Peasants'_Democracy_/_Yugoslav_National_Party id:JRZ value:black legend: Yugoslav_Radical_Union id:HSS value:teal legend: Croatian_Peasant_Party id:Communist value:red legend: Communist_Party_/_League_of_Communists id:SRSJ value:lightpurple legend: Union_of_Reform_Forces_of_Yugoslavia id:Socialist value:rgb(0.81,0.06,0.12) legend: Socialist_Party_of_Serbia
id:gray1 value:gray(0.85) id:gray2 value:gray(0.95)
DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1918 till:01/01/1993 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:5 start:1920 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:gray2 unit:year increment:1 start:1918
Legend = columns:1 left:150 top:75 columnwidth:170
TextData =
pos:(20,78) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"Political affiliation:"
BarData =
barset:PM
bar:Pasic bar:Protic bar:Davidovic bar:Vesnic bar:Uzunovic bar:Vukicevic bar:Korosec bar:Zivkovic bar:Marinkovic bar:Srskic bar:Jevtic bar:Stojadinovic bar:Cvetkovic bar:Simovic bar:Jovanovic bar:Trifunovic bar:Puric bar:Subasic bar:Tito bar:Stambolic bar:Spiljak bar:Ribicic bar:Bijedic bar:Djuranovic bar:Planinc bar:Mikulic bar:Markovic bar:Mitrovic
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width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till barset:PM
bar:Pasic from: 01/12/1918 till: 22/12/1918 color:NRS from: 01/01/1921 till: 28/07/1924 color:NRS from: 06/11/1924 till: 08/04/1926 color:NRS text:"Pašić" fontsize:10 bar:Protic from: 22/12/1918 till: 16/08/1919 color:NRS from: 19/02/1920 till: 16/05/1920 color:NRS text:"Protić" fontsize:10 bar:Davidovic from: 16/08/1919 till: 19/02/1920 color:DS from: 28/07/1924 till: 06/11/1924 color:DS text:"Davidović" fontsize:10 bar:Vesnic from: 16/05/1920 till: 01/01/1921 color:NRS text:"Vesnić" fontsize:10 bar:Uzunovic from: 08/04/1926 till: 17/04/1927 color:NRS from: 27/01/1934 till: 22/12/1934 color:JNS text:"Uzunović" fontsize:10 bar:Vukicevic from: 17/04/1927 till: 28/07/1928 color:NRS text:"Vukićević" fontsize:10 bar:Korosec from: 28/07/1928 till: 07/01/1929 color:SLS text:"Korošec" fontsize:10 bar:Zivkovic from: 07/01/1929 till: 04/04/1932 color:JNS text:"Živković" fontsize:10 bar:Marinkovic from: 04/04/1932 till: 03/07/1932 color:JNS text:"Marinković" fontsize:10 bar:Srskic from: 03/07/1932 till: 27/01/1934 color:JNS text:"Srškić" fontsize:10 bar:Jevtic from: 22/12/1934 till: 24/06/1935 color:JRZ text:"Jevtić" fontsize:10 bar:Stojadinovic from: 24/06/1935 till: 05/02/1939 color:JRZ text:"Stojadinović" fontsize:10 bar:Cvetkovic from: 05/02/1939 till: 27/03/1941 color:JRZ text:"Cvetković" fontsize:10 bar:Simovic from: 27/03/1941 till: 11/01/1942 color:Independent text:"Simović (in exile)" fontsize:10 bar:Jovanovic from: 11/01/1942 till: 26/06/1943 color:Independent text:"Jovanović (in exile)" fontsize:10 bar:Trifunovic from: 26/06/1943 till: 10/08/1943 color:NRS text:"Trifunović (in exile)" fontsize:10 bar:Puric from: 10/08/1943 till: 08/07/1944 color:Independent text:"Purić (in exile)" fontsize:10 bar:Subasic from: 08/07/1944 till: 02/11/1944 color:HSS text:"Šubašić (in exile)" fontsize:10 bar:Tito from: 02/11/1944 till: 29/06/1963 color:Communist text:"Tito" fontsize:10 bar:Stambolic from: 29/06/1963 till: 16/05/1967 color:Communist text:"Stambolić" fontsize:10 bar:Spiljak from: 16/05/1967 till: 18/05/1969 color:Communist text:"Špiljak" fontsize:10 bar:Ribicic from: 18/05/1969 till: 30/07/1971 color:Communist text:"Ribičič" fontsize:10 bar:Bijedic from: 30/07/1971 till: 18/01/1977 color:Communist text:"Bijedić" fontsize:10 bar:Djuranovic from: 18/01/1977 till: 16/05/1982 color:Communist text:"Đuranović" fontsize:10 bar:Planinc from: 16/05/1982 till: 15/05/1986 color:Communist text:"Planinc" fontsize:10 bar:Mikulic from: 15/05/1986 till: 16/03/1989 color:Communist text:"Mikulić" fontsize:10 bar:Markovic from: 16/03/1989 till: 22/01/1990 color:Communist from: 22/01/1990 till: 01/07/1990 color:Independent from: 01/07/1990 till: 20/12/1991 color:SRSJ text:"Marković" fontsize:10 bar:Mitrovic from: 20/12/1991 till: 14/07/1992 color:Socialist text:"Mitrović (acting)" fontsize:10
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See also
- Deputy Prime Minister of Yugoslavia
- List of heads of state of Yugoslavia
- Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro
- Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Prime Minister of Croatia
- Prime Minister of Montenegro
- Prime Minister of North Macedonia
- Prime Minister of Serbia
- Prime Minister of Slovenia
References
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